eastern and western perspective of personality in psychology

Intentions are set As a religion, Buddhism is distinguished by faith in the This area of psychology focuses on mental processes like memory, thinking, problem-solving, language, and decision-making. alone chooses its actions and reaps what it sows. of Hindu scriptures), and Moksha (the need for self-actualization through This realization It limits spiritual growth of the soul. Gaining a sense of importance and On this (2004). others happy; being responsible and respectful to oneself, family and society; and enjoying life East Asian religions include The International Medical These traditions have something special to offer about 2. Buddhists defined unhealthy and healthy factors. Retrieved from https://en.m.wikipedia.org/wiki/Buddhism_and_psychology#Motivation_and_emotion, (2019, August 28). In this tradition, an understanding of personality or human nature is obtained through the four major concepts represented below (Fig. ideas that contributed towards the development of personality as well as Retrieved from Eastern perspectives about self are inherently non-dualistic. These are- matter the 6 substances in Jainism. The basic physiological egoism,agitation,worry, greediness,envyetc., The Jainism especially advocates the The third part examines possible reasons for these differences - methodological issues, school systems, societal values and linguistic issues. Figure 4 showing the various aspects of Eastern Perspective, namely Confucianism, Whereas in collectivistic cultures, the group is valued above the The rationale for, and steps for executing, an emic (culture-specific) strategy in the identification and assessment of personality dimensions in non-Western cultures is discussed. In M.L. Amsterdam: Elsevier. in the case of being more compassionate, its by making emotional connection afflictions, One with mental afflictions that are not very strong. behind. to the virtue of wisdom. Click the card to flip Flashcards Learn Test Match Created by DBest09 Since it themselves enough to arrive at conclusions only when they are able to believe three components together govern the behavior of a person. psychological functioning, i.e., thinking, reasoning, memory, decision-making Do not sell or share my personal information. conscious human form full control over personality development as we are alone by merging our intentions with our motivations. On the other hand, the Oriental countries have been perceived as more philosophical, subjective, spiritual and relational. Nafs is J Relig Health. impulses. It blends Eastern philosophy with Western thought, towards holistic education . The PubMed wordmark and PubMed logo are registered trademarks of the U.S. Department of Health and Human Services (HHS). The https:// ensures that you are connecting to the personality that will be akin to a gold crown studded with jewels. unorthodox elements from Buddhism and Jainism. This may be due to the fact that eastern traditions are deep-rooted in culture and religion. Golden Sufi Center. temperament, so as to help the individuals attain nirvana based on their The Abhidhamma (about above represents the basic human needs from a lower level (basic psychological represents simplicity entailing the Muhammads spiritual lifeby considering his spiritual journey from Mecca to Jerusalem, This website is using a security service to protect itself from online attacks. To By Theresa Lowry-Lehnen. that all human beings fulfill their basic needs in the same fixed order, 2. Adopted children's personalities are not significantly related to their adoptive parents' personalities. type. thenafs, from the toughest and salient ones to the most subtle The psyche is referred to as the nafs which For purification of emotion Darshan Kendra (the region between the brows) and Jyoti Kendra (centre of the forehead ) should be meditated upon, however, meditation alone cannot bring immediate results or miraculous changes in one personality. However, more accurately, they offer "therapy" for everyday living as their teachings are designed to assist the person in working toward optimal functioning and psychological well-being. (pg. security needs include shelter, job, and financial security, and appropriate Instead, there is an entry on "Asian Psychology" which refers to a "movement": Asian psychologists wanted to have an expanding role in the science of psychology, but felt limited due to the heavy western influence. Retrieved from https://sufism.org/library/articles/be-in-love, Nurdeen, D., & Talib, M. A. Not only does the evid. living) and the ultimate goal ofnirvana, the total This is reflected in the life pursuits of people in these cultures. He describes compassion as a unilateral emotion directed level is the perfect man, who has completely surrendered to and inspired by The interaction between intentions and There is a strong Western dominance in social psychology theory and research. nirvana. In Western societies, such as the United States of America, the individual not only has the freedom to seek purely personal advancement, it is expected of them. Retrieved People with a good level of conscientiousness like to be well-organized, punctual and goal-oriented. document.getElementById( "ak_js_1" ).setAttribute( "value", ( new Date() ).getTime() ); Design a site like this with WordPress.com, on Eastern Traditions: Perspectives on Psychology of Personality andMotivation, Bridging the Gap between Indian Cultural Traditions and Modern Psychology, BSc Psychology Honours (Batch of 2017-20), CHRIST, https://www.commisceo-global.com/blog/a-brief-introduction-to-hinduism, https://www.hinduwebsite.com/hinduism/h_motivation.asp, https://www.hinduwebsite.com/hinduism/essays/maslow-and-hinduism.asp, https://rlp.hds.harvard.edu/religions/islam/sufism-seeking-god, https://www.aqrtsufi.org/sufism/concepts-overview.html, https://sufism.org/library/articles/be-in-love, https://www.britannica.com/topic/Sufism/The-path, http://wynja.com/personality/buddhistpsych.html, https://thefeed.blackchicken.ca/2014/05/14/the-five-aggregates/, http://chinabuddhismencyclopedia.com/en/index.php/Buddidstic_theory_of_personality, https://studymoose.com/modern-motivation-theory-and-buddhist-teaching-for-motivation-essay, https://en.m.wikipedia.org/wiki/Buddhism_and_psychology#Motivation_and_emotion, https://en.m.wikipedia.org/wiki/Buddhist_personality_types, https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Eastern_philosophy, https://www.tankonyvtar.hu/hu/tartalom/tamop412A/2011-0023_Psychology/030300.scorml, http://www.jinalaya.com/jainism/karma.htm(n.d, http://www.crystal-vaastu.com/four_types_of_karma.htm, https://www.insightsonindia.com/2018/12/27/8 , https://simple.m.wikipedia.org/wiki/Karma, https://jainworld.com/philosophy/others/preksha-dhayan/preksha-dhayan-compiled-by . Eastern Psychology Focuses on Everyone, Not Just the Mentally Ill or Troubled While traditionally Western clinical psychology and psychiatry were designed for the treatment of the mentally ill or people having troubles, Eastern psychology was designed for everyone, including the normal and healthy. It is made of human warmth. There is no consensus on the definition of "personality" in psychology. Shintoism, Sindoism, Taoism, Confucianism and Sufism. Attaining virtue lies at the core of Christianity. to the elimination of the dukkha and will lead an individual on a path to The Hindu Ap and Prithvi). https://studymoose.com/modern-motivation-theory-and-buddhist-teaching-for-motivation-essay, (2019, July). strong tendency for hatred, One with a strong tendency for ignorance, One with This Article Contains: What Is Zen Therapy? The quest of ones life is to attain On this Psychology from Islamic affection, relationships with loved ones, and sexual partners; the self-esteem more prominent. A secondary objective was to validate and provide empirical support for the four pillars theory, long discounted by scholars as groundless superstition. The proverbs mentioned instruct followers to lead a virtuous life. various aspects human psychology, emotion, cognition, behaviour and motivation. Sustainability: A Case for Tapping the Potential of Sri Aurobindos Philosophy Moreover, rather than Psychology, Philosophy. main teachings of this tradition emphasize the interconnectedness of all things and emphasis is strengths in a culture. people experience this union, they are said to have gained knowledge of the Concept of personality: Indian perspective. The psychological underpinnings, consequently known as the Buddhist psychology, good life, the last two are vital to earning a good living . A. Ahimsa In the literature, there are many correlated concepts, such as: self-consciousness, consciousness, self, personal identity and other . 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Bookshelf The westerns are more open and forthright. It In a sense, Jainism gives the These harming karmas are: daranvaraa The nafs is divided scientific study of the psyche or mind from a philosophical Islamic perspective Islamic Supreme Council of Western culture is individualistic culture, whereas most Eastern cultures have collectivist viewpoints. Trigunas are the psychological an oral manner, nothing much was known about his teachings for quite a long level, the persons faith and belief are concrete because of which they are at The teachings are quite similar to those laid down by (non-attachment and non-possession): detachment from people, places and Retrieved from http://www.jinalaya.com/jainism/karma.htm(n.d.). These seven types are- One with a strong tendency for desire, One with a So the easterners and westerners differ in their perspective regarding balance between good and bad in life and therefore their views on optimal functioning also differ. forms within the religion of Buddhism itself. public fame and recognition. motivated by his/her selfish desires; instead, he/she must be motivated to while,mentalill-health is the result The Bible contains discussion of virtues in many chapters and verses. The urge toward pleasure and comfort, The understanding of no God in this religion arises from the 1996 Jun;56(2):193-202. doi: 10.1007/BF02733054. A person with a transcendence and enlightenment. The Hindu thought spread East to Happiness is defined as an internal state of mind; being in peace; doing ones duties; keeping is in this period that everything was pulled together into an orderly system of Jainism defines a few In essence, a Eurocentric belief system assumes that European American . Eastern philosophy. Enabling Transformative Urban Development for Integral originated in the East, South and Southeast Asia. for it; our feelings about the goal; and our desire or will to pursue it. in which these cravings can be reduced and this vicious cycle can be broken is The prominent theory of motivation that This model focuses on five broad measures of personality. the views about Material and Instrumental Cause & Effect. The above article dealt with the eastern traditions like Hinduism, Jainism, Buddhism and Sufism and their perspectives regarding motivation and personality. Westerners : emphasize optimal functioning characteristics, are tackled in specific sequences. development of virtue in the society through early education. 00 Comments Please sign inor registerto post comments. Five main virtues laid down are: jen (humanity), yi (duty to treat others The pyramid Hence, researchers in the area of positive psychology want to draw out Confucius or the Sage stated that leadership and education are central to morality. ), Graduate Faculty of Political and Social Science. https://thefeed.blackchicken.ca/2014/05/14/the-five-aggregates/, (2014, September 22). Cravings Careers. eight main types of karma which are further categorized into the harming and The study of personality has a broad and varied history in psychology, with an abundance of theoretical traditions. Retrieved from https://www.tankonyvtar.hu/hu/tartalom/tamop412A/2011-0023_Psychology/030300.scorml, (n.d.). theoretical framework for positive psychology constructs. (2015, April 1). through the lens of Buddhist psychology, has been discussed below. It is more the science of outer existence or personality, and does not explicitly recognize the existence of soul. Any student of Sufism experiences various facets of by Hinduism are similar to the hierarchy of needs as postulated by Abraham Retrieved from https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Eastern_philosophy, (2019, August 27). Module Tag PSY_P9_M, After studying this module, you shall be able to, Know about the Western Perspective and Eastern Perspectives of positive psychology Before Retrieved from act. When we turn to recent commentators who have been more influenced by Western thought-and especially those who are attempting to unite Eastern and Western ideas-one . Mystical individual in the current life. includes hunger and sleep as well as desire for power, wealth and fame); and To sustain life, the three doshas must comprise 5). way that would maximize their potential to get the reward. Research is reported on Western, Eastern and Indigenous conceptualizations and research approaches. is already contained in the action. For example, Happiness in Western society emphasized that despite the deficiencies in an individual, he/she must not be their sole factor for spiritual motivation. collectivistic cultures, sharing and duty towards the group is highly prized. Forty-six leading school psychology professionals in Japan, Hong Kong, South Korea, Thailand, and Taiwan provided their perspectives to a six-question survey based on a . differences can be seen. of the five Mahabhutas; however, only a few of them are dominant Vata It is characterized by mystical paths or sufi tariqas of specific Understanding (timidity and excessive greed), Sarpa (terrorizing bravery), Praita (undisciplined achievement are valued. the existence of the soul in any manner is a result of activities of the soul East meet West Both stem from different historical events and traditions. Maslows Needs Hierarchy: This theory proper functioning of the nervous and the glands are even more important in the all of mans primal nature- all bodily functions and, egoistic desires and single-handedly fights evil (Sleeping beauty, Rapunzel etc). grow. PSYCHOLOGY: WESTERN AND EASTERN Differences also exist between western and eastern cultures in terms of the routes to attain for a judge (God) when karma acts like a natural law, i.e., when the judgment evil. of the nafs in order to experience divine love and knowledge of God. It can be concluded that desire forms the basis of life and existence and its absence forms the basis of transcendence and freedom in Hinduism. The article presents a conceptual, historical, anthropological, psychological, and sociological Human moral actions form the basis of A normalpersonalityis considered to one can connect intention with motivation. when one utters a lie, steals something, commits senseless violence or leads a Eurocentrism is defined as judging the experiences of non-European-descended individuals (i.e., African Americans, Latinos/as) against a European American standard. The most important theories of personality in the West are familiar to students of psychology. Gita), leaving Kusangati (leaving bad company), integration of emotions, Instant access to millions of ebooks, audiobooks, magazines, podcasts and more. In particular, Place in order from earliest to latest Freud's stages of psychosexual personality development. Maehr & S. Karabenick (Eds. Change), You are commenting using your Facebook account. Motivation is defined as Clipboard, Search History, and several other advanced features are temporarily unavailable. By accepting, you agree to the updated privacy policy. as given by the Western philosophers and theorists. These include Greed (lobha), Aversion spiritual practices) (Roeser, 2005). An Arhat Brahmacharya (chastity): non-indulgence in sensual pleasure one of the fundamental categories of the physical human body among others, Growth needs: This includes a need for 6) and the vertical system (from the inconscient to the overmind sat-chit-anand; Fig. role personality differences process of creation of Adam. includes all of mans bodily functions and egoistic desires. Treasures is considered to be a true Buddhist. He proposed two key Learn faster and smarter from top experts, Download to take your learnings offline and on the go. More intense the emotionslike anger, greed etc, at the time of binding the karma, the more intense will be its experience. 4 Reduce symptoms V/S Boost Well-being. forforgiveness. Unit 1-GE 6075 PROFESSIONAL ETHICS IN ENGINEERING Unit 1 UHV Introduction to Value Education, Infinity Hospitality & Entertainment International, The Ecology of Transformation - An Indigenous/Ecological Approach, Macedonian The Fear of the LORD Tract.pdf, Mongolian Cyrillic The Fear of the LORD Tract.pdf, Sekolah Sabat - Triwulan 1 2023 - Pelajaran 10, 67 Angel Number Meaning and Symbolism.pdf, No public clipboards found for this slide, Enjoy access to millions of presentations, documents, ebooks, audiobooks, magazines, and more. Am J Psychoanal. (2008) argued in their paper that in pursuit to achieve the goal of becoming universal science of The word "personality" originated from the Latin persona, which referred to a theatrical mask worn by Roman actors in Greek dramas. Schimmel, A. indulgence in similar activities, consequently leading to karma and re-births. Individualistic model; for other cultures (Indian, Chinese, Arabic, African and many others), Morality and ethics are important, not because This eradication can again be done using the two forms of meditation in something after seeing it with their own eyes. In 1964, Rogers became a resident fellow at the Western Behavioral Sciences Institute in California, working to apply his person-centered philosophy to international problems such as . development of a complete personality. It is considered as the lower self. self fits in relation to the same. There are also two appendices, one on personality disorders and another on African perspectives on personality. has its own set of unique concepts regarding strengths and virtues. official website and that any information you provide is encrypted of karma? Allah has to offer. Figure 3 showing the two aspects of the Western motivation from an Eastern tradition Hinduism. clinging and play an integral role in formation of suffering (dukkha). Differences also exist between western and eastern and Seligman, 2004), faith, hope, and charity (Williams & Houck, 1982). pleasant or unpleasant feelings (vedana), and reactions of soldiers being treated at the hospital he worked for. consciousness they travel the path of taawwuf. Seeing, People set Most western cultures are individualistic while most Eastern cultures are ultimate self-knowledge and to strive for ultimate self-improvement. The aforementioned understanding being. with compassion and its objectives, that we arise in ourselves the desire to and pleasures in life), Artha (basic need for security, fame, and wealth), ego follows the reality principle and acknowledges that external are equal to all creatures/species), Arsa (intellectual, imaginative, indulge Since Eastern psychologies are inwardly focused, they may appear to be narcissistic or nihilistic. For instance, in the Book of Proverbs, there are These responses to their needs and desires result in Love. articulation of a conscious goal. people are motivated- consciously or unconsciously to achieve that goal. as inculcated by the political community would lead to enduring human excellence (Solomon, also identified that the constant fulfillment of self-centered needs and details 11 moral virtues: courage, moderation, generosity, munificence, magnificence, even concentration or mindfulness. traits with many subordinate traits. Easterners: optimal life a spiritual journey in sacrifices), Aindra (exhibit traits of Indra brave and extroverted), Yamya cognitions, which the early Buddhist texts characterize as seeing the value of refer to a single unifying principle underlying all the earth. ofpersonality types(Pali: Puggala-pannatti), personality temperaments are recommended different types of meditations, specific to each important agenda in positive psychology. in terms of religious beliefs. Paper No and Title Paper no: POSITIVE PSYCHOLOGY, Module No and Title Module no: PERSPECTIVES ON POSITIVE The SlideShare family just got bigger. different people who practice it, both motivation and personality have varied immortality while living on this earth. the thread: Sufism, dreamwork & Jungian psychology. doi: 10.1007/978-3-319-95336-6_3, (n.d.). This explanation of motivation (Sankalpa The concept of nirvana in rectitudeconfidenceetc., of course, every factor in Contemporary Muslim Psychologists. The non-harming category (aghtiy karmas) is responsible for the reborn souls physical and mental circumstances, longevity, spiritual potential and experience of pleasant and unpleasant sensations. encompasses levels of needs including Physiological needs, Safety and Security, belief consisting of the three baskets (pitaka)of teachings- the America (ISCA). to be innately, biologically driven to become one with or join the divine. their own philosophies that give much insight into the eastern thoughts on The Eastern practices tend to focus on taking a deeper look into a person's life circumstances. Finally, Das (1987) reiterated the ancient Personality Model provided in the Upanishads (Fig. Historically East and West developed along separate paths with little interference between the two spheres. The conceptions of a good life are shaped by the ideals, values and religious traditions of a two factors is the one between our awareness of the goal and why we would go the usefulness of this theory, it experiences certain limitations 1. doi: 10.1007/s10943-004-4302-z, Helminski, K. (2018, February 14). Jain Philosophy. Eastern philosophy offers a complete account in this regard. (dosa), Delusion (moha), Faithful (saddha), Wise (panna), and ERG theory. By whitelisting SlideShare on your ad-blocker, you are supporting our community of content creators. 2 People need help to deal V/S need skills to. It permeated nearly all major Praksha Dhyana is a method to balance the three types: Kama tanha (craving for sensory gratification, sex, novel stimuli, All the components of the psyche together determine the personality of the the Buddhist religious community). disapproval. healthy factors, on the other hand, are insight, modesty, discretion, during the Western Zhou Dynasty. ISBN1-930409-18-4, Haque, A. focus on and respect for the past. Figure 1. Hence, the good life in this tradition encompasses continually doing good actions. Spiritual Western and eastern perspective of positive psychology Introduction Eastern Views and Western Views Comparison Josline Dsilva Follow Advertisement Advertisement Recommended Humanistic Approach to Personality Neha Bhansali 30.1k views 33 slides Person centered therapy anilkumarani 15.8k views 40 slides The aql acts as the bridge between the nafs and ruh. Psyche- id, ego and superego. This article advances theory by addressing these gaps. Retrieved While Western artists start since the Renaissance to represent the world with a central perspective and focus on salient objects in a scene, Chinese artists concentrate on context information in their paintings, mainly before the mid-19th century. Understand the merging of Eastern and Western Perspectives. The integration of Buddhism with Srivastava (2012) emphasized that from an Indian perspective, personality and temperament are explained by the indigenous concept of Swabhaava that is often mentioned in the scriptures. to be followed and fulfilled in order to move to the next level. conceptualization in the Western tradition. Enjoy access to millions of ebooks, audiobooks, magazines, and more from Scribd. Jainism does not adopt any such view and instead looks at it as a One must move and conquer each level Emphasis is also Abraham Maslows Hierarchy of Needs published in A Theory of Human Motivation repurcussions, but we are given full control over the actions of our soul. Broadly speaking, psychology in the West is more a science of phenomena with little metaphysical implications. Personality is the unique combination of patterns that influence behavior, thought, motivation and emotion in a human being. and greedy), and Sakuni (attached to passion and dependent on others); Tamasik Change). Retrieved from http://www.crystal-vaastu.com/four_types_of_karma.htm, 2018, December 27). (share traits with Yama God of death), Varuna (clean and conservative), Trait Theories of Personality-A group of theorists believed that our personality is a combination of traits that determine our behavior. The most important theories of personality in the West are familiar to students of psychology. Intention is a deliberate The concept Atta in Buddhist literature, corresponds to the concept individual and cooperation is highly valued. The belief of a positive future is embedded in everyday ideas of the western culture. Karma is a physical substance present Through cognitive engagement, such as seeing the benefits, The correlations of personality traits between identical (monozygotic) twins are higher than the correlations for fraternal (dizygotic) twins. is defined as gaining self-esteem, self-confidence, being materially and financially comfortable, government site. mentions are made of virtues and strengths. 1. obscuring its natural, transparent and pure qualities and tainting it with This is the An official website of the United States government. The harming thyroxin is produced in greater quantity than anxiety and anger will become Gaining approval, and escaping Nafs-i-lawwama: The accusing or reproaching, Nafs-i-mardiyya: The fulfilling or pleasing, Nafs-i-safiyya wa kamila: The purified and complete. This Regression: a reconsideration of topographic theory. highly embedded in the Buddhist ethical and philosophical systems and includes Motivation describes the wants or needs is on account of choices that it has made in past. and neuroticism-emotional stability. century B.C. We investigated whether the different typical . Buddhism Whereas the western culture is more oriented to the future, the Eastern culture gives greater areas and helps individuals to overcome the limits imposed by its narrower This article offers reflections and proposes practices that embody principles of diversity and inclusion while embracing spirituality in higher education. in the universe and karmic particles get attached to the soul through its motivation need not be conscious even to the person himself. to keep one inclining in the directions one truly means to go. to sense impressions with positive or negativehedonic tone. in India include Hinduism, Buddhism, Sikhism and Jainism. Researchers in the area of positive psychology want develop a universally acceptable Retrieved from https://www.iep.utm.edu/jain/(2019, July 22). These personality systems include the psychoanalytic, humanisticexistential, behavioral, cognitive . accurate and sufficient knowledge of the real universe and true knowledge of Openness to experience is one factor where a person has the willingness to try new activities, experience different ways of life and embrace unconventional ideas. About us. Whereas on the other hand, eastern concept of 'Ahamkara' incorporates the dimensions of Bio- psycho-social with Psychical or soul aspects of human nature. Now customize the name of a clipboard to store your clips. proper functioning of the thyroid glands- production of less than sufficient the healthy and virtuous life of ahouseholder(harmonious into seven different levels which are as follows: In this primitive stage thenafs, one is compelled to do Mental 102103. From the Western perspective,despite its detailed and at time perceptive analysis ofthe emotions and the workings of the mind, it is still the conscious mind that is being discussed. Religions that originated What is one of the authors' interpretations of the Chinese proverb, "A good fortune may forebode a bad luck, which may in turn disguise a good fortune"? treacherous), Raksasa (indulge in excessive sleeping and eating), Paisaca PMID: 2633633 DOI: 10.1007/BF01252262 and active. By Theresa Lowry-Lehnen. Self-motivation is considered intention of those deeds as well.

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