which of the following is true about algorithms quizlet psychology

c. various cultures. Encoding information occurs through automatic processing and effortful processing. Explicit memory is divided into episodic memory and semantic memory. Parents who use the _____ parenting style give strict rules to their children with little discussion of the reasons for the rules, Compared to authoritarian parents, authoritative parents are likely to be, Cooper's father is a corporate executive who works long hours. An algorithm is a defined set of step-by-step procedures that provides the correct answer to a particular problem. Importantly for memory, activating any part of a semantic network also activates the concepts linked to that part to a lesser degree. It involves a process of comparison. 110. a. (b) Based on the correlation matrix, is collinearity a problem? b. autism People ascribe greater value to things they already own when compared with objects owned by someone else. Short-term memory takes information from sensory memory and sometimes connects that memory to something already in long-term memory. Industrial Psychology: Selecting and Evaluating Employees, Organizational Psychology: The Social Dimension of Work, Human Factors Psychology and Workplace Design, Diagnosing and Classifying Psychological Disorders, Obsessive-Compulsive and Related Disorders, Mental Health Treatment: Past and Present, Substance-Related and Addictive Disorders: A Special Case, The Sociocultural Model and Therapy Utilization. 9 to 11 Peterson and Peterson (1959) investigated short-term memory using the three letter sequences called trigrams (e.g., CLS) that had to be recalled after various time intervals between 3 and 18 seconds. In this case, Carla should c. Vygotsky A. indulge in fixations. We are constantly bombarded with sensory information. a. thought processes and concepts are controlled by language. (b) In contrast, artificial concepts are ones that we know by a specific set of characteristics that they always exhibit, such as what defines different basic shapes. a. In their model, storing memories in short-term memory is like opening different files on a computer and adding information. Verywell Mind's content is for informational and educational purposes only. C. merely frame the problem in a vague way. Short-term memory (STM) is a temporary storage system that processes incoming sensory memory. Which of the following is true of algorithms? C. used an algorithm to solve her packing problem. Choose all that apply. Once the information reaches long-term memory, it has to be consolidated at both the synaptic level, which takes a few hours, and into the memory system, which can take weeks or longer. Which of the following statements is true of subgoals? c. Superordinate concepts Very few people can recall events in this way; right now, fewer than 20 have been identified as having this ability, and only a few have been studied (Parker, Cahill & McGaugh 2006). A. descriptive reasoning. As long as the professor was dressed appropriately, it does not really matter what she was wearing. To see how visual encoding works, read over this list of words: car, level, dog, truth, book, value. Through the use of fMRI, researchers have found an overlap between brain areas activated during visual mental imagery tasks as compared to: In order to prepare herself, she enrolls in a Spanish course at the local community center. a. convergent thinking. conception, zygote, embryonic period, fetal period. a. morpheme We cannot absorb all of it, or even most of it. b. is present in all animals and helps them learn symbols for language. What rules of thumb (if any) are you using? b. An algorithm is a finite sequence of precise instructions for performing a computation or solving a problem. C. Artificial intelligence (AI)/algorithms This article discusses how algorithms are used as an approach to problem-solving. Choosing which apartment is best is an example of A six-year-old child with a mental age of 6 would have an IQ of 13 Concepts are universal and influence the development of language. It refers to reasoning from a general principle that individuals know to be true to a specific instance. 3.Question 1 2 pts Which of the following is not true about algorithms. This type of reasoning is known as. Unlike heuristics, algorithms are shortcut strategies that suggest a solution to a problem. Question 64: Reinforcement learning algorithm tries to (select one that . Material is far better encoded when you make it meaningful. An algorithm is often expressed in the form of a graph, where a square represents each step. c. make sounds; dream more vividly d. mathematical. D. hindsight bias. c. consciousness. The OpenStax name, OpenStax logo, OpenStax book covers, OpenStax CNX name, and OpenStax CNX logo D. socially maladjusted. Why is this? d. pragmatic, In the brain, creating a mental image is _______ seeing an actual image. This book uses the c. convergent thinking. Participants were given words along with questions about them. b.(12,562).b.(2,438). OLE CA Computer Science & Applications 12965. _______ believed that concepts become the "pegs" from which words are "hung." d. is the latest technology in teaching deaf people to talk. b. not important in measuring intelligence. You use concepts to see the relationships among the different elements of your experiences and to keep the information in your mind organized and accessible. 30 seconds. d. males. B. using algorithms. D. the child's IQ is above average. b. not important in measuring intelligence. c. convergent thinking. B. the child's IQ is lower than average. c. all languages have the same pragmatics. D. heuristic. then you must include on every digital page view the following attribution: Use the information below to generate a citation. The self-reference effect is the tendency for an individual to have better memory for information that relates to oneself in comparison to material that has less personal relevance (Rogers, Kuiper, & Kirker, 1977). C. 90. B. And when youre riding in a crowded elevator and you cant face the front, it feels uncomfortable, doesnt it? Language allows people to ______ and _______. a. is an innate human ability to understand and produce language. As an Amazon Associate we earn from qualifying purchases. What Is Industrial and Organizational Psychology? Which of the following is usually a trait of creative thinkers? If you repeat it enough, it may be moved into long-term memory. Posted on 3. Divergent thinking is especially difficult to teach to: The working memory files hold a limited amount of information. A prototype is the best example or representation of a concept. You can see that the sentences are now much more memorable because each of the sentences was placed in context. words merely reflect rather than cause the way we think. which of the following is true about algorithms quizlet psychology 2022-06-21T19:02:13+00:00 lakers celebrity seating chart 2019 bottle caps candy root beer only B. culturally biased. Semantic means having to do with language and knowledge about language. b. practical reasoning. Recall is what we most often think about when we talk about memory retrieval: it means you can access information without cues. b. C. Heuristics are shortcut strategies. b. insight both convergent thinking and divergent thinking. c. prototype. Choose all that apply. B. inner motivation A. There are several types of implicit memories, including procedural, priming, and emotional conditioning. A heuristic is a mental shortcut that allows people to quickly make judgments and solve problems. Multiple Choice Q18 Which of the following is an advantage of the use of heuristics? Round the results to three decimal places. d. IQ. Stimuli can vary and may include words, pictures, and other stimuli to elicit a response or increase recognition. D. Concepts/problem solving, In everyday situations, finding and framing problems can be difficult because many real-life problems An algorithm, whose characteristics will be discussed later, is a form that embeds the complete logic of the solution. The higher one's degree of practical intelligence: OpenStax is part of Rice University, which is a 501(c)(3) nonprofit. C. dogmatic thinking b. consciousness and intuition. In this case, Dan's experience demonstrates. It attempts to explain how and why we think the way we do by studying the interactions among human thinking, emotion, creativity, language, and problem solving, in addition to other cognitive processes. B. the availability heuristic. In one particular case, he was asked to identify the number of morphemes in the word "rescuer." Then, you step into the elevator and turn around to face the doors, looking for the correct button to push. Gardner would say that an astronaut is high in: b. c. three Thus, algorithmic problem solving actually comes in two phases: derivation of an algorithm that solves the problem, and conversion of the algorithm into code. a. Kendra Cherry, MS, is an author and educational consultant focused on helping students learn about psychology. Other concepts, like the characteristics of your ideal friend or your familys birthday traditions, are personal and individualized. The step-by-step approach is the basis for most teaching and learning. d. apple, ________ is the ability to adapt and deal with new problems or challenges the first time you encounter them. Some images used in this set are licensed under the Creative Commons through Flickr.com.Click to see the original works with their full license. It is generally accepted that memories are organized in semantic (or associative) networks (Collins & Loftus, 1975). B. A. Artificial concepts can enhance the understanding of a topic by building on one another. Unlike short-term memory, long-term memory storage capacity is believed to be unlimited. involves developing uniform procedures for administering and scoring a test, as well as creating norms, or performance standards, for the test. Strategies to stimulate divergent thinking. When thoughts are formed, the mind synthesizes information from emotions and memories (Figure 7.2). ________ is the ability to learn from one's experiences, acquire knowledge, and use resources effectively for solving problems. What are the most effective ways to ensure that important memories are well encoded? c. language could help a child learn to control social behavior. Post author: Post published: 22/06/2022 Post category: luxury picnic houston Post comments: jacob lowe weight loss pictures jacob lowe weight loss pictures The encoding of words and their meaning is known as semantic encoding. There are two components of long-term memory: explicit and implicit. D. 100. CONCEPT Definition of an Algorithm 6 Which of the following statements about APIs is true? Lets quickly test your autobiographical memory. A(n) _____ is an aroused state that occurs because of a physiological need. Answer the following statement (s) true (T) or false (F) in Computer Science & Information Technology. C. divergent thinking. C. finding and framing the problem If you are redistributing all or part of this book in a print format, You might perform this script two or three times each day. creating norms, or performance standards, for the test. c. Fetal alcohol syndrome Confirmation bias An algorithm is a methodical, logical rule or procedure that guarantees solving a particular problem. Social Sciences. b. abstract symbols on a keyboard and making some sounds. d. mental sets. We organize the information with other similar information and connect new concepts to existing concepts. A. developing good problem-solving strategies Can you get these things done before you head to class or will they need to wait until school is done? d. do not communicate. B. both convergent thinking and divergent thinking. A. suggest obvious operations. When you are solving problems for your math homework, you don't want to risk your grade on a guess. This is known as effortful processing (Figure 8.3). Episodic memories are also called autobiographical memories. Want to cite, share, or modify this book? A. heuristic If a child's mental age is higher than her chronological age, this means that The brain is endlessly perceiving, processing, planning, organizing, and rememberingit is always active. Fragile X syndrome d. valid. Read the following sentences (Bransford & McCarrell, 1974), then look away and count backwards from 30 by threes to zero, and then try to write down the sentences (no peeking back at this page!). This book uses the As an Amazon Associate we earn from qualifying purchases. d. learning and developmental delay. B. confirmation bias The strange situation test is used to assess an infant's. Bertha is using Monique routinely uses a shredder to shred her junk-mail into confetti-sized pieces of paper, which she then just throws away. Basketball, football, baseball, and soccer all fit into the ________ of sports. a. linguistic relativity hypothesis. To make this process more complex, the brain does not gather information from external environments only. She has an amazing and highly superior autobiographical memory (Figure 8.7). In the course of prenatal development, by the end of the _____ period, the heart begins to beat, the arms and legs become more differentiated, the face starts to form, and the intestinal tract appears in human beings. Suddenly Monique gets the idea to empty her shredder and use the shredded junk mail confetti for packing material. So how do you determine when to use a heuristic and when to use an algorithm? accident and has suffered brain damage that has severely limited mental functioning, The ability to analyze, judge, evaluate, compare, and contrast are characteristics of ________ intelligence. Long-term memory (LTM) is the continuous storage of information. D. 100. Is an innate human ability to understand and produce language. If you are working in a situation where you absolutely need the correct or best possible answer, your best bet is to use an algorithm. Implicit memory has been studied with cognitive demand tasks, such as performance on artificial grammars (Reber, 1976), word memory (Jacoby, 1983; Jacoby & Witherspoon, 1982), and learning unspoken and unwritten contingencies and rules (Greenspoon, 1955; Giddan & Eriksen, 1959; Krieckhaus & Eriksen, 1960). c. logical/mathematical intelligence. Which of the following is true of algorithms and heuristics for solving real-life problems? answer choices phenomenon that just happens reconstructive process way in which we receive information not important Question 2 30 seconds Q. 70 or below Content is fact checked after it has been edited and before publication. The Algorithm Problem Solving Approach in Psychology. When this happens, your brain automatically activates the firefighter schema and begins making assumptions that this person is brave, selfless, and community-oriented. Creative intelligence is related to: When you first learn new skills such as driving a car, you have to put forth effort and attention to encode information about how to start a car, how to brake, how to handle a turn, and so on. Cooper's life. Whorf used the now-famous example of the Inuits' many words for snow to support the: There are several types of schemata. Creative people engage in Which of the following represents the correct chronological sequence of Piaget's stages of cognitive development? A. She concludes that Drake might be a basketball player for his college team. c. an availability heuristic Unless the knowledge in short term memory is retained by repetition or other such techniques, it has a very small capacity (7 items +/- 2) and a short period (max 30 seconds). where the event takes place. For example, if you are studying for your chemistry exam, the material you are learning will be part of your explicit memory. When an individual studies specifically to avoid his or her parent's disapproval, then the individual's attitude toward studying is most likely a result of, When individuals engage in a behavior because they enjoy it, they. He travels several days throughout the month and spends very little time with Cooper. D. 95, Which of the following would NOT be a case of mental retardation? moment. Memory trace decay and interference are two factors that affect short-term memory retention. c. mental sets. D. They are initial goals that put the individual in a better position for reaching a final solution d. collective monologue. When solving a problem, choosing the right approach is often the key to arriving at the best solution. Which of the following is the correct sequence of the stages of prenatal development? d. pragmatics. Cognitive psychologists strive to determine and measure different types of intelligence, why some people are better at problem solving than others, and how emotional intelligence affects success in the workplace, among countless other topics. _______ can help us interpret or deal with new information or events that we have never encountered. The concept of episodic memory was first proposed about in the 1970s (Tulving, 1972). For example, imagine you meet someone who introduces himself as a firefighter. 110 Similarly, when you first learned to drive, you probably thought about a lot of things that you just do now without much thought. d. be reliable. Standardization B. Heritability has no meaning when applied to a single case. B. rethinking and redefining problems and solutions over time For example, if you live in Essex Junction, Vermont, you have probably had a lot of direct experience with snow. d. all languages are similar in certain universal ways. And although hyperthymesia normally appears in adolescence, two children in the United States appear to have memories from well before their tenth birthdays. Remember the elevator? What memory problems is she most likely to have now? c. divergent thinking. Psychology is best defined as the study of a. mental health. The act of getting information out of memory storage and back into conscious awareness is known as retrieval. If you did, you probably have associated peanut butter and jelly in your mind. Priming is also the reason you probably said jelly in response to peanut butter. b. four choose the best data from the set. The process of taking out unnecessary details from problems. Even though she looked much younger, how old was Genie? Psychologists who study problem-solving have described two main processes that people utilize to reach conclusions: algorithms and heuristics. B. d. "private speech" was a sign of a mood disorder. A. a. Japanese children. Which of the following statements is true of inductive reasoning? In psychology, for example, Piagets stages of development are abstract concepts. 1999-2023, Rice University. The visual processing questions included such things as asking the participants about the font of the letters. According to the steps in problem solving, the next step that must be taken by him is to If an instructor was referring to a stream during a lecture, a student's mental image is likely to be: B. the scores are distributed across all points evenly. B. are slow. How do you get that information back out of storage when you need it? When you study United States history, for example, you learn about more than just individual events that have happened in Americas past. A schema is a mental construct consisting of a cluster or collection of related concepts (Bartlett, 1932). Cooper's father believes that his career is more important than raising his son. Algorithms can be used to achieve just about any logical flow, but based on the input, expected output, and complexity of the logic to get from the input to the output, the efficacy of an algorithm can vary. Concepts are informed by our semantic memory (you will learn more about semantic memory in a later chapter) and are present in every aspect of our lives; however, one of the easiest places to notice concepts is inside a classroom, where they are discussed explicitly. C. functional fixedness. Choose all that apply. For instance, some people really enjoy picnics. They take a step-by-step approach to performing a task. answer choices The process of assigning value to a variable. In some cases, you must follow a particular set of steps to solve the problem. They are used to evaluate the solutions. For example, what comes to your mind when you think of a dog? B. provide clear definitions. The highest and most elusive of Maslow's needs is. B. providing a single accurate solution to any problem a. mental set. You never face the back of the elevator, do you? Question 3. B. accuracy A person's schema for a library would most likely include: d. means-end analysis. B. a 12-year-old child with an IQ score of 55 who has grown up in a severely deprived environment and who struggles in school The type of short-term memory (or computer file) depends on the type of information received. People are reluctant to give up on a venture because of past investment. When they were asked to remember the words, they tended to recall them in categories, showing that they paid attention to the meanings of the words as they learned them. You were probably not that good at riding a bicycle or driving a car the first time you tried, but you were much better after doing those things for a year. Implicit memory includes procedural memory and things learned through conditioning. He has skipped three grades and is a straight A student with superior verbal and mathematical talent. d. 100, ________, which is caused by a defect in a male gene that leads to deficiency in a protein needed for brain development, is a biological cause of intellectual disability. b. representative heuristic B. representativeness heuristic. d. Analytical intelligence, Shelly took the Stanford-Binet test at age 10 and scored a mental age of 13. Emotional intelligence In the context of loss aversion, identify the true statement about sunk-cost fallacy. b. actual tasks involving visual perception. b. objective. If you are redistributing all or part of this book in a print format, A. Heritability estimates remain constant over time and across different groups. A. the availability heuristic d. music notes on a keyboard. a. one Intellectual disability (formerly called mental retardation) is a condition of limited mental ability in which an individual has an IQ of ________ and has difficulty adapting to everyday life. identify a true statement about heuristics. C. Concepts are independent of experiences and objects. determine the nearest neighbors of each of the data. c. what a person knows about a particular type of object does In this way, concepts touch every aspect of our lives, from our many daily routines to the guiding principles behind the way governments function. Dan, who often travels in airplanes, experiences sudden fear of flying after he hears the news about an airplane crash. There are many different types of schemata, and they all have one thing in common: schemata are a method of organizing information that allows the brain to work more efficiently. C. 140 or above It involves forming opinions based on prior experiences. By the end of this section, you will be able to: Imagine all of your thoughts as if they were physical entities, swirling rapidly inside your mind. c. Clinical neuropsychologists b. confirmation bias. Current research suggests that it is the habit, or event schema, of checking our phones in many different situations that makes refraining from checking them while driving especially difficult (Bayer & Campbell, 2012). D. algorithmic, According to Sternberg's triarchic theory of intelligence, ________ intelligence predominantly involves the ability to design, invent, originate, and imagine. The monkeys were more attached to the artificial mothers that were warm and soft. Now, try writing them again, using the following prompts: bagpipe, ship christening, and parachutist. D. is the extent to which a test yields a consistent, reproducible measure of performance. An algorithm is often expressed in the form of a graph, where a square represents each step. The sentence "The bicycle talked the boy into buying a candy bar" is. A. Author: Question. Interestingly, event schemata can vary widely among different cultures and countries. B. According to Goldstone and Kersten (2003), concepts act as building blocks and can be connected in countless combinations to create complex thoughts. c. is a device that aids in language translation for international business. the process of identifying rare or unexpected items or events in a dataset that do not conform to other items in the dataset O mathematical formulas placed in software that performs an analysis on a dataset o extracts knowledge from data by performing statistical .

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