festinger and carlsmith experiment quizlet
>> Then, identify the underlined modifier by writing P for positive degree, C for comparative degree, or S for superlative degree. The content of what the S said after the girl made the above-mentioned remark. Festinger and Carlsmith had cleverly set up an opposition between behavioral theory, which was dominant in the 1950s, and Festinger's cognitive dissonance theory. All Ss, without exception, were quite willing to return the money. The fact that a social role can lead to an increase in aggressive behavior points to _____as a major contributor to aggression. OF A POSSIBLE ALTERNATIVE EXPLANATION. The influence of role-playing on opinion change. The more scientifically important they considered the experiment to be, the less was the total magnitude of dissonance. For example, one way would be for the S to magnify for himself the value of the reward he obtained. Assume that you were a participant in the experiment conducted by Leon Festinger and J. Merrill Carlsmith (1959), in which participants were paid either a large or small sum of money to tell an innocent stranger that the boring, tedious task you had just completed was really enjoyable and very interesting. If you want to keep people from hating each other, work on eliminating hateful behavior. 90 0 obj <>/Filter/FlateDecode/ID[<20DCF6A9F66A934D9B18D4D3D2546E7A><7EBEFA77420BBC4EB7D76A22531484C2>]/Index[80 30]/Info 79 0 R/Length 66/Prev 129900/Root 81 0 R/Size 110/Type/XRef/W[1 2 1]>>stream 0000000609 00000 n The prediction [from 3 and 4 above] is that the larger the reward given to the subject, the smaller will be the subsequent opinion change. The theory was first introduced in his 1957 book A Theory of Cognitive Dissonance and further elaborated in the article Cognitive Consequences of Forced Compliance (Festinger and Carlsmith, 1959). An internet resource developed by Patrick is very proud of his Irish heritage and thinks of himself as an Irish American. This works (according to cognitive dissonance theory) because, once the person has put out time and energy to help you, the person must develop an attitude consistent with the behavior. One side argued that football was good for a university, the other side argued that it was harmful. /Info 46 0 R While the S was working on these tasks the E sat, with a stop watch in his hand, busily making notations on a sheet of paper. Solomon Asch, a social psychologist conducted a series of experiments called Asch conformity to study how the behavior of a certain group influence the behav Normative conformity is most commonly referred to as peer pressure, and is prevalent in our present society. Half of them were offered $1 to do it, and half of them were offered $20. In this experiment, 71 male participants were given a series of nonsensical and boring tasks. are learned through experiences and contact with others, Cindy tastes peas for the first time and realizes she does not like them. OP>$O '@n#} C Subjects who received $20 had no problem explaining their behavior to themselves. The content of what the S said before the girl made the remark that her friend told her it was boring. /ImageI Cognitive Dissonance. Shawn and Tanya start talking after they've ridden on the dorm elevator several times together. After two minutes the E returned, asked the girl to go into the experimental room, thanked the S for talking to the girl, wrote down his phone number to continue the fiction that we might call on him again in the future and then said: "Look, could we check and see if that fellow from introductory psychology wants to talk to you?". 0000012870 00000 n Most of our subjects tell us afterward that they found it quite interesting You get a chance to see how you react to the tasks and so forth." In other words, a contradiction (dissonance) between attitude and behavior is uncomfortable, so it motivates a person to change behavior or attitudes (whichever is easier to change) to eliminate the contradiction. (Goleman, 1991) <> Subjects in both groups typically agreed to tell the next subject that the experiment was interesting. Carlsmith performed an experiment regarding cognitive dissonance in Festinger observed that the subjects were put in a psychologically uncomfortable position. Patrick has a strong_____. His refusal to grant them loans is an example of________. 109 0 obj <>stream Were the tasks interesting and enjoyable? The results from this question are shown in the last row of Table 1. I hope you did enjoy it. in order to reduce dissonance. endstream endobj 81 0 obj <>>>/Metadata 53 0 R/OCProperties<>/OCGs[92 0 R]>>/Pages 73 0 R/StructTreeRoot 70 0 R/Type/Catalog/ViewerPreferences<>>> endobj 82 0 obj <>/Font<>/ProcSet[/PDF/Text]>>/Rotate 0/TrimBox[0.0 0.0 504.0 720.0]/Type/Page>> endobj 83 0 obj <>stream In the chapter section Attitudes and Behaviours that Affect Social Interaction, Paul Angelini (2011) introdected the negative elements of social interactio Use LEFT and RIGHT arrow keys to navigate between flashcards; Use UP and DOWN arrow keys to flip the card; audio not yet available for this language, In Solomon Asch's study, confederates were instructed to, give the incorrect answer to the line-matching task. Hoffer pointed out that, after the Nazis had started persecuting the Jews, it became easier for the average German citizen to hate the Jews. Chris is showing, Carol is told by a police officer to move her car, and she does so. We felt it was important to show that the effect was not a completely general one but was specific to the content of the dissonance which was created. 52 0 obj Leon Festinger and James Carlsmith conducted a study on cognitive dissonance investigating on the cognitive consequences of forced compliance. Seventy-one male students in the introductory psychology course at Stanford University were used in the experiment. We tend to _____ attractive people more than we do less attractive people. conformed to the group answer about one-third of the time. Some have already been discussed. Hum. Mental patterns that represent what a person believes about certain types of people are called________. The difference between the One Dollar and Twenty Dollar conditions is significant at the .03 level (t = 2.22). He then left saying he would return in a couple of minutes. This person has two cognitions which, psychologically, do not fit together: one of these is the knowledge that he believes "X," the other the knowledge that he has publicly stated that he believes "not X." The difference between the One Dollar condition (+1.20) and the Control condition (-.62) is significant at the .08 level (t = 1.78). The more you see someone, the more likely you are to _____ that person. The defendant was not very well spoken and came from a very poor background, but Sandy listened carefully to the evidence presented and made her decision based on that. To reduce the feeling of discomfort about lying, they persuaded themselves they actually enjoyed the experiment. Psych Web has over 1,000 pages, so it may be elsewhere on the site. But other factors would enter also. Most Ss responded by saying something like "Oh, no, it's really very interesting. Let us then see what can be said about the total magnitude of dissonance in a person created by the knowledge that he said "not X" and really believes "X." "Look, Officer, I didn't see the stop sign back there because the sun was in my eyes" The police officer responds, "You were not paying attention." In 1959, Festinger, along with James Carlsmith, tested this theory (Cognitive Dissonance). There are, after all, other ways in which the experimentally created dissonance could be reduced. & KING, B.T. Psy 301: Social Psychology This, however, was unlikely in this experiment because money was used for the reward and it is undoubtedly difficult to convince oneself that one dollar is more than it really is. Maria had fallen victim to the_______technique. [2] All statistical tests referred to in this paper are two-tailed. On the other hand, the ones who were paid $20, apparently had the money as their primary justification for carrying out their task. The findings of the classic Festinger and Carlsmith (1959) experiment indicate that: }. The neurotransmitter that seems most involved in aggression is_________. This has many practical implications. Thus, with self-selection of who did and who did not make the required overt statement and with varying percentages of subjects in the different conditions who did make the requsted statement, no interpretation of the data can be unequivocal. The same logic applies to selfish concerns such as getting other people to respect you. Which of the following researchers conducted a series of studies on conformity that involved having a subject judge the length of three lines after a group of confederates all reported an obviously incorrect answer? Alex was most likely engaging in________. :>"we>WN,}Arj*L^{l"C9](j0xfyK.1^8 jKbE#/`^%]Ply48o~9cw+ecw/j;k`t)# -3ffua0D@~1` cp \nO7uF& o>u$]oK' 2WBxK>rVyRZ 7%M6xdKmUD}],'WpaB2t$t@^K,JLiM 6H] WA@'n. (p.47) Please select the correct language below. He reasoned that if the person is induced to make an overt statement contrary to his private opinion by the offer of some reward, then the greater the reward offered, the greater should be the subsequent opinion change. Five Ss (three in the One Dollar and two in the Twenty Dollar condition) indicated in the interview that they were suspicious about having been paid to tell the girl the experiment was fun and suspected that that was the real purpose of the experiment. They were not paid anything or paid 1 dollar or 20 dollars. As shown in Ashes experiment, conforming to the majority happens more often than people think. $K{.-hC ;{l8S Half of the (The secretary had left the office.) _____ is the attitude about members of a particular social group and _____ is the behavior that can result from that attitude. Michigan Academician, 1, 3-12. bringing diverse groups of people into contact with each other. This question was included because there was a chance that differences might emerge. He hoped to exhibit cognitive dissonance in an experiment which was cleverly disguised as a performance experiment. They were instructed to put spools onto and off the try with only one hand for half an hour, and then turn 48 square pegs clockwise for the next half hour. For an hour, you are required to perform dull tasks, such as turning wooden knobs again and again. Copyright 2007-2018 Russ Dewey Since these derivations are stated in detail by Festinger (1957, Ch. To start with, she asks her boyfriend to cook dinner for her. Dr. Nekita Fuller In addition to these 5 exceptions, another 2 of the paid participants told the girl the truth that the tasks she will be performing are boring and uninteresting, and that they were just being paid to say otherwise. In explaining our own behavior, we tend to use situational attributions rather than personal, which is, When prejudicial attitudes cause members of a particular social group to be treated differently than the others in situations that call for equal treatment, it is called.