life 2021 sap nat nature

The new plastics economy: rethinking the future of plastics & catalyzing action. This value suggests that the increase in polymer hydrophobicity provides a significant thermodynamic driving force towards further esterification, perhaps counteracting the buildup of water that was otherwise expected to limit conversion. 10, 4153 (2021). To understand why esterification is so favored, we turned to small molecule model systems (Supplementary Information pgs S17S26). We calculated the probability of surviving from age x to age x + n (npx), the probability of dying between age x and x + n (nqx) and the average person-years lived in the interval by those dying in the interval (nax): where * indicates that the measure is from the life table that does not contain COVID-19 as a cause of death. Percentage loss due to COVID-19 mortality relative to increases in female and male e0 (a) and e65 (b) between 2000 and 2020 by state. A life cycle assessment was used to compare the routes that involved (i) no sonication, (ii) sonication for 1min (2.5% w/v) and (iii) sonication for 2min (5.0% w/v), including the workup steps, and will be described in more detail below. . The calculation and figure codes required to reproduce the results presented in this paper are available at https://github.com/mcastrolab/Brazil-Covid19-e0-change/tree/main/code. and T.A. interpreted the data. Opening date: 13 July 2021 Deadline: 30 November 2021 Code: LIFE-2021-SAP-NAT-GOV Programme: LIFE - Programme for the Environment and Climate Action Go to the call Objective To contribute to the protection of nature and biodiversity by: Supporting nature and biodiversity policy and legislation compliance assurance, and/or Nat. https://www.theguardian.com/world/2021/apr/27/brazil-begins-parliamentary-inquiry-into-bolsonaros-covid-response (2021). Sci. The potential of superabsorbent polymers from diaper wastes to enhance water retention properties of the soil. Second, we calculated cause-deleted life tables for 2020 (DT20), which examine the consequences of eliminating COVID-19 mortality from 2020 deaths44. 2a and Supplementary Table 7). volume27,pages 16291635 (2021)Cite this article. Manaus, the capital of Amazonas, observed a very high attack rate after the first wave of the pandemic in 2020 (ref. Collias, D. I. et al. At each time point, the maximum specific energy (wmax) was calculated using the maximum power drawn from the outlet and the mass of added PAA (Supplementary Information pg S3), and the molar masses were determined using size-exclusion chromatography. https://portal.fiocruz.br/sites/portal.fiocruz.br/files/documentos/boletim_covid_2021_extraordinario_maio.pdf (2021). Buss, L. F. et al. In January 2021, Manaus witnessed one of the most tragic scenarios of overwhelmed hospital capacity, running out of not only hospital beds but also oxygen22. We created data visualizations in R, ArcMap version 10.8 (ESRI) and Adobe Illustrator CS6. Cite this article. After recording the highest number of monthly COVID-19 deaths in April 2021, transmission remains extremely high, with about 2,000 daily deaths but a very slow immunization rollout. In Ullmans Encyclopedia of Industrial Chemistry. Marinho, F. et al. Hong, M. & Chen, E. Y.-X. 2b). Applicants wishing to apply for more than one topic, must submit a separate proposal under each topic. To the extent that correction factors are approximately equal for 2019 and 2020, our estimates are not seriously affected by missing deaths. 2. Further information on research design is available in the Nature Research Reporting Summary linked to this article. A conscientious employee, willing to learn new skills, open to instruction and feedback with a background in varied product, process and people management. 32, 290299 (2016). Use the Previous and Next buttons to navigate the slides or the slide controller buttons at the end to navigate through each slide. As a result, estimated e0 in Brazil in the presence of COVID-19 reflects levels observed in 2014 (Supplementary Table 10). The resulting acidic polymer solutions were used directly in the subsequent experiments without any isolation steps. & Pimenta, D. N. Community health workers reveal COVID-19 disaster in Brazil. Chazovachii, P.T., Somers, M.J., Robo, M.T. All authors contributed to the interpretation of results and manuscript editing. 15), producing the relatively small estimates of life expectancy decline. To circumvent these challenges, the water by-product can be selectively removed via azeotropic distillation, or a large excess of alcohol can be employed44,45. An accomplished and highly motivated senior ABAP Developer. US Provisional Patent Application No. The evergreen broadleaved shrubs were shorter in height (3.06 0.99 m) than palm-leaved life forms (19.29 5.39 m). The images or other third party material in this article are included in the articles Creative Commons license, unless indicated otherwise in a credit line to the material. 1a, Supplementary Table 1 and Methods), with a larger drop for males (1.57 years) than females (0.95 years). FaterSMART. 39, 2737 (2020). DT19 and DT20 assess the effect of including and excluding, respectively, only deaths for which COVID-19 was listed as the underlying cause on the death certificate. Semin. J. Life 2021-2027 In 15 states (including the entire Southeast region), this loss was higher among males (Fig. Krishna Reddy Mogulla - Industry Principal, Life Sciences - LinkedIn This approach was inspired by the similar structures of sodium polyacrylate (superabsorbent polymer) and the polyacrylates (pressure-sensitive adhesives) used in tapes, bandages, and sticky notes, among others23. Carvalho, C. A., Viola, P. C. A. F. & Sperandio, N. How is Brazil facing the crisis of food and nutrition security during the COVID-19 pandemic? The main results presented in the text are based on differences between the 2019 and 2020 life tables, for two primary reasons. Similarly, given the higher risk of dying from COVID-19 at older ages5, the death toll can be measured by e65, defined as the average number of years that a 65-year-old person would be expected to live if subject to the underlying mortality rates for ages 65 and above in a specific year. PDF LIFE-2021-SAP-NAT Nature & Biodiversity - Standard Action Projects (SAP Managed the strategic partnerships with: Microsoft, Nokia, and NavTech. That is, the PSAs are soft enough to flow and wet a substrate at the bonding frequency, while hard enough to hold onto a substrate, and peel cleanly at the debonding frequency. Boletim Extraordinrio do Observatrio Covid-19 Fiocruz. Considering this factor, the optimized conditions involved sonicating a 2.5% w/v solution for 1min to give an Mw ~360kg/mol, and a 5.0% w/v solution for 2min to give a Mw of ~330kg/mol37. LIFE-2022-SAP-NAT-GOV Gamtos valdysenos projektai (angl. Peer review information Nature Medicine thanks Pedro Hallal, Usama Bilal and Vladimir Canudas Romo for their contribution to the peer review of this work. Also, demographic projections did not account for the pandemic context and might have overestimated population size. Governors in that region imposed the most rigorous measures of physical distancing, in direct opposition to recommendations from the President14. Because these data are not available by age and sex, we used de-identified publicly available data on severe acute respiratory illness (SARI) hospitalizations from the Influenza Epidemiological Surveillance Information System (Sistema de Informao de Vigilncia Epidemiolgica da Gripe, or SIVEP-Gripe, in Portuguese). Among the states, Amazonas, Rondnia, Roraima and Mato Grosso had the largest declines in e0 in both 2020 and 2021 (Fig. LIFE-2022-SAP-NAT-GOV Nature Governance Each project application under the call must address only one of these topics. ISPRA Istituto Superiore per la Protezione e la Ricerca Ambientale Protection and Research, The Kick-off meeting of the LIFE-2021-SAP-NAT-NATURE TURTLENEST project will be held on January 20 in Rome, at the Legambiente headquarters. Preprint at medRxiv https://doi.org/10.1101/2021.03.02.21252772 (2021). <>/XObject<>/Font<>/ProcSet[/PDF/Text/ImageB/ImageC/ImageI] >>/MediaBox[ 0 0 960 540] /Contents 4 0 R/Group<>/Tabs/S/StructParents 0>> U.S. Patent 9,447,309 B2. We used several data sources to estimate the changes in e0 and e65 due to COVID-19 by state and sex in Brazil. U.S. Patent Application 2021/0054161 A1 (February 25, 2021). The acid-catalyzed hydrolysis outperformed the base-mediated hydrolysis by a factor of 10 on both global warming potential and cumulative energy demand. Vaccine 39, 34043409 (2021). Rochman, C. M. Microplastics research-from sink to source. July 4, 2022 life 2021 sap nat naturebritish white cattle for sale in washingtonbritish white cattle for sale in washington R. Soc. Ultimately, inequality might become worse, exacerbating an already distressing scenario due to COVID-19. We used death rates from all causes (including COVID-19) to calculate single-decrement life tables in 2019 and 2020. We hypothesized that we could potentially eliminate the need to remove water because both the polymer backbone and our alcohol solvent are hydrophobic. Thank you for visiting nature.com. Therefore, our estimates would not be seriously affected by missing deaths unless a different pattern of errors emerges in 2020. In contrast, a common approach used in industry to convert acrylic acid into acrylate esters uses inexpensive alcohols as both the reagent and solvent39,40. The autonomous nature of this role allows for providers to own the patient's quality of care and allows for collaboration with attending physicians and other providers at the facility with the. PDF Programme for the Environment and Climate Action (LIFE) In just the first 4 months of 2021, Brazil surpassed the number of COVID-19 deaths during all of 2020. This year, there is 598 million available for nature conservation, environmental protection, climate action, and clean energy transition projects. Slider with three articles shown per slide. The ecoinvent database version 3 (part I): overview and methodology. Rede Genmica Fiocruz. State acronyms by region: North: AC=Acre, AP=Amap, AM=Amazonas, PA=Par, RO=Rondnia, RR=Roraima and TO=Tocantins; Northeast: AL=Alagoas, BA=Bahia, CE=Cear, MA=Maranho, PB=Paraba, PE=Pernambuco, PI=Piau, RN=Rio Grande do Norte and SE=Sergipe; Center-West: DF=Distrito Federal, GO=Gois, MT=Mato Grosso and MS=Mato Grosso do Sul; Southeast: ES=Esprito Santo, MG=Minas Gerais, RJ=Rio de Janeiro and SP=So Paulo; South: PR=Paran, RS=Rio Grande do Sul and SC=Santa Catarina. Carlyle, R. L. Process for the production of acrylic acid esters. (In contrast to this assumption, the potential dependence between COVID-19 and other causes might lead to modified probabilities of dying from other causes if COVID-19 were eliminated or added as a cause of death.) Lpine, L. & Gilbert, R. Thermal degradation of polyacrylic acid in dilute aqueous solution. Nevertheless, the estimates might still suffer from incomplete and/or delayed reporting of deaths, especially those for 2021, with potential variation in completeness across states. 9, 407418 (2021). Due to these challenges, the focus has been on re-use of recovered materials, rather than recycling; for example, the recovered superabsorbent polymers have been explored for enhancing the water retention properties of soil21,22. Li, J., Nagamani, C. & Moore, J. S. Polymer mechanochemistry: from destructive to productive. Chem. Call Fiche - Life 2021 Sap Nat - en | PDF | European Union | Climate Among the states, the largest setback was estimated for Amazonas and Par (levels of 2006 for both sexes, 2008 and 2010 for females and 2005 and 2002 for males). ANDS with Nectar and RDS have a vision in 2018-19 to create the Australian Research Data Cloud - "an integrated data-intensive infrastructure system, incorporating physical infrastructure, policies, data, software, tools and support for researchers." Giving superabsorbent polymers a second life as pressure-sensitive adhesives, https://doi.org/10.1038/s41467-021-24488-9. Li, Q. et al. COVID-19 exacerbated inequality, exposing the most vulnerable to food insecurity and severe hunger38,39. Preston, S., Heuveline, P. & Guillot, M. Demography: Measuring and Modeling Population Processes (Wiley-Blackwell, 2000). At present, the environmental benefits of diaper recycling (including superabsorbent poly(acrylic acid) recovery) are dependent on the avoided material burdens52. (UHe&+IW6rQIG nD!? Google Scholar. 21, 12181230 (2016). 21). Publishers note Springer Nature remains neutral with regard to jurisdictional claims in published maps and institutional affiliations. Google Scholar. Demonstrativos de linhagens e genomas SARS-CoV-2. It was here that Sam, my husband, turned to me and said, 'This could . It is also the case that the difference in life expectancy between 2019 and 2020 could encompass secular changes unrelated to the pandemic. Reaction conditions and yields for acid-catalyzed esterification of poly(acrylic acid), acetic acid, and undecanoic acid. Chem. We also used these period life tables to calculate the femalemale gap in e0 and e65 (Supplementary Table 7); the difference between the highest and lowest state life expectancies; the loss due to COVID-19 relative to increases in e0 and e65 (by sex and state) over the past two decades (20002020) (Supplementary Tables 8 and 9); and the setback in life expectancy due to COVID-19 identified by the years when the life expectancies estimated for 2020 and 2021 were last observed (Supplementary Table 10). and S.K. Experimentally, a plateau is observed in the plot of weight-average molar mass (Mw) versus sonication time. 1). The magnitude of the COVID-19 death toll was not homogenous across states and was associated with the pattern of spread18. To date, most diaper recycling efforts14 have focused on the cellulosic components, which can be biodegraded, incinerated to generate steam, pyrolyzed, or fermented to generate bioethanol15. https://doi.org/10.25561/78670 (Imperial College London, 2020). Slider with three articles shown per slide. For example, FaterSMART, a Proctor and Gamble (P&G) affiliated company, has developed and implemented a diaper recycling facility that includes used diaper acquisition, steam sterilization, shredding, and separation into the purified raw materials (cellulosics, superabsorbent polymer, and polyolefins)29. As expected, the VWs are higher with larger Mw, which is due to the increased chain entanglements. Dokumentai pareikjams: Gairs Paraikos forma (A ir B dalys) Priedas "Vietovs apraymas" Priedas "Ri ir buveini apraymas" For comparison, we also evaluated the hydrolysis using 0.8M aq. From April to December 2020, an emergency basic income program mitigated the challenges imposed by the pandemic37 (for example, unemployment), but this benefit ended in December 2020. Considering the large COVID-19 death toll in Brazil, with marked regional inequalities, our goal was to quantify the loss in e0 and e65 in 2020 and in the first 4 months of 2021 due to the pandemic. Decrosslinking has been reported using ozonolysis16, though not for the purposes of mechanical recycling. Recent efforts to sidestep this degradation using microwaves and added radical initiators led to oligomeric products with 5060% decarboxylation19. %PDF-1.7 Surprisingly, even when excess H2O was intentionally added (3 equiv), high conversions were still observed (Supplementary Information pgs S15S16). Sade Pblica 36, e00115320 (2020). http://www.genomahcov.fiocruz.br/tabela-de-dados/ (2021). Kick-off meeting of the projet LIFE-2021-SAP-NAT-NATURE TURTLENEST Natl Acad. https://doi.org/10.1038/s41467-021-24488-9, DOI: https://doi.org/10.1038/s41467-021-24488-9. However, in the presence of COVID-19, this assumption might not hold because deaths were unevenly distributed over the year. LIFE-2021-SAP-NAT-GOV Nature Governance Standard Action Projects (SAPs) Strategic Nature Projects (SNAPs) SNAPs: (1)target the implementation of the Prioritised Action Frameworks (PAF) other plans or strategies adopted at international, national, regional or multiregional level by nature Characterisation of the first 250,000 hospital admissions for COVID-19 in Brazil: a retrospective analysis of nationwide data. Ultrason. We made the assumption of proportionality between forces of decrement from cause i (or all causes except i) and the force of decrement from all other causes combined8,45. Gairs ir kiti dokumentai - LIFE projektai For the base case scenario (absence of COVID-19), we used mortality rates reported in 2019, which we treated as cause-deleted life tables (that is, there were no deaths from COVID-19 in 2019), and applied these to the population at risk to obtain expected deaths in the absence of COVID-19. Article performed all wet-lab experimental work under the guidance of A.J.M. What it lacks is leadership commitment to save lives. Here we report an open-loop recycling method for these materials that involves (i) decrosslinking via hydrolysis, (ii) an optional chain-shortening via sonication, and (iii) functionalizing via Fischer esterification. Our results point to an overall widening of the femalemale gap in e0 of 0.6 years in Brazil (9.1% increase). Giving superabsorbent polymers a second life as pressure-sensitive adhesives. Scope: Richard Ferrers - Research Data Analyst | A/Team Lead - LinkedIn LIFE 2021 IS PUBLISHED - zabala.eu A life cycle assessment was used to compare the routes that involved (i) no sonication, (ii) sonication for 1 min (2.5% w/v) and (iii) sonication for 2 min (5.0% w/v), including the workup steps,. As with 2020, for both e0 and e65, the lowest declines in 2021 were concentrated in the Northeast, whereas the South, which had relatively smaller declines in 2020, is estimated to have a much greater loss in 2021. To estimate total deaths in the presence of COVID-19, we used different methodological approaches. Overall, the viscoelastic properties of the synthesized PSAs suggest they would be useful for applications such as removable general-purpose adhesives, including tapes, bandages, and sticky notes. B., Bell, J. Moreover, the route involving just decrosslinking and esterification (i.e., no sonication) has the potential to be industrially scalable, providing a sustainable solution to a longstanding waste problem. NTO s.15: Managers have full power to dispose of or deal with the land as . Italian Institute for Environmental Sonochem. J. Org. Both methods resulted in larger estimates of life expectancy decline compared to the difference between 2019 and 2020 period life tables (Supplementary Tables 1 and 2): for example, for Brazil (both sexes), the decline in e0 was estimated at 1.92 years (DT20) and 1.67 years (DT19) versus 1.31 years (difference between 2019 and 2020 life tables). #n$dA"yTtM nTv_J{Bf25X1E[B Y@V(//G0g4_fc_Cv;`& ,. Anjeza Beharaj, Ethan Z. McCaslin, Mark W. Grinstaff, Aya Samir, Fatma H. Ashour, Mohamed Bassyouni, Amar K. Mohanty, Feng Wu, Manjusri Misra, Hom N. Sharma, Jeremy M. Lenhardt, Long N. Dinh, Ephraim G. Morado, Mara L. Paterson, Steven C. Zimmerman, Anna M. Duraj-Thatte, Avinash Manjula-Basavanna, Neel S. Joshi, Ainara Sangroniz, Jian-Bo Zhu, Haritz Sardon, Nature Communications Chubarova, E. V., Melenevskaya, E. Y. are supported by the National Institutes of Health (grant no. The estimated decline in 2021 e0 is 1.78 years (1.86 years for males and 1.64 years for females). and S.G. conducted the formal analysis. Vital Strategies. Nmero 30 116 (Instituto Brasileiro de Geografia e EstatsticaIBGE, Diretoria de Pesquisas, Coordenao de Populao e Indicadores Sociais, 2013). endobj LIFE-2021-SAP-NAT-GOV: Nature Governance - Innovation Place The SAP SF and Payroll Rollout initiative is a strategic technology that will reinvent the HR function in the implementing markets This initiative will establish an integrated HR platform that. Geyer, R., Jambeck, J. R. & Law, K. L. Production, use, and fate of all plastics ever made. C.M.T. Mortality due to COVID-19 is estimated to have reduced e0 in the United States by 1.13 years, setting it back to values observed in 2003 (ref. Stab. Smith, D. W. & Bradshaw, B. S. Variation in life expectancy during the twentieth century in the United States. endobj 3 0 obj In Amazonas, male e65 was estimated to decline by 20% from 2019 to 2020. a, Ratio of COVID-19 deaths reported in 2021 (January-April) to those reported in 2020 (%). Aileen Camantigue - National Capital Region, Philippines - LinkedIn defined the methodology. 2U19AI089681-08). Sustainable polycarbonate adhesives for dry and aqueous conditions with thermoresponsive properties, Recent advances in biodegradable polymers for sustainable applications, Hydroplastic polymers as eco-friendly hydrosetting plastics, Moisture outgassing from siloxane elastomers containing surface-treated-silica fillers, End-of-life upcycling of polyurethanes using a room temperature, mechanism-based degradation, Recyclable thermoset hyperbranched polymers containing reversible hexahydro-s-triazine, Water-processable, biodegradable and coatable aquaplastic from engineered biofilms, Packaging materials with desired mechanical and barrier properties and full chemical recyclability, https://www.alliedmarketresearch.com/pressure-sensitive-adhesives-market, https://www.statista.com/statistics/282732/global-production-of-plastics-since-1950, https://www.epa.gov/sites/production/files/2019-11/documents/2017_facts_and_figures_fact_sheet_final.pdf, https://www.ellenmacarthurfoundation.org/publications/the-new-plastics-economy-rethinking-the-future-of-plastics-catalysing-action, https://www.futuremarketinsights.com/reports/super-absorbent-polymer-market, https://www.petrochemistry.eu/wp-content/uploads/2018/01/150727_EBAM-Eco-profile-Acrylic-Monomers-1.pdf, http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/, Closed-loop chemical recycling of cross-linked polymeric materials based on reversible amidation chemistry, Functional Acrylate Polymer Synthesis: Postpolymerization Modification Approach. 1 0 obj Rocha, R. et al. Numbers above 100 indicate more deaths in 2021 than 2020. USA 118, e2014746118 (2021). Google Scholar. If you find something abusive or that does not comply with our terms or guidelines please flag it as inappropriate. 99, 99106 (2015). ISSN 2041-1723 (online). We demonstrate herein that our open-loop recycling approach to pressure-sensitive adhesives from superabsorbent polymers outcompetes the petroleum-derived syntheses on nearly every metric, including global warming potential and cumulative energy demand. 4a). JAMA 324, 510513 (2020). Adoption is complex, emotional, life-altering. 1d). The superabsorbent polymer provided by P&G is a sodium poly(acrylate) crosslinked via ~0.05mol% poly(ethylene glycol) diacrylate co-monomer (PAAP&G)30. White House cybersecurity strategy stresses software safety Molecules 23, 2870 (2018). 3). https://virological.org/t/first-reported-cases-of-sars-cov-2-sub-lineage-b-1-617-2-in-brazil-an-outbreak-in-a-ship-and-alert-for-spread/706 (2021). Commercial polyacrylate-based PSAs are often accessed via petroleum-sourced monomers (Fig. are employees at P&G. {o"yQr8"2ioFq[V & Shamanin, V. V. Chain degradation under low-intensity sonication of polymer solutions in the presence of filler: Mechanism of ultrasonic degradation of flexible chain macromolecules. Expected deaths in the presence of COVID-19 are calculated by assuming that individuals who do not die of COVID-19 in 2020 and 2021 are subject to the mortality rates of 2019. Brazils unified health system: the first 30 years and prospects for the future. Phillips, T. Brazil begins parliamentary inquiry into Bolsonaros Covid response. 7 April 2022 - Full Proposal. sub-programme "Climate change mitigation and adaptation to change. This was the case with the 1918 influenza pandemic in the United States, when e0 in 1919 was higher than in 1917, likely due, in part, to selective mortality of individuals with tuberculosis19. J. Mol. Lancet 394, 345356 (2019). 28, 434439 (2003). Bars, organized by major regions, show changes for the states. Funding & tenders Lancet Glob. The initially heterogeneous reaction mixture becomes a homogeneous solution over time due to the chemical change from a superabsorbent gel-like substance into the soluble, linear polymer products. Labels above bars indicate the states with extreme (high and low) life expectancies in 2019 and 2020.

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