cultural diversity encompasses all of the following factors except

Sex and gender can be used in the traditional sense of male and female employees. Chapter 2: Managing Demographic and Cultural Diversity, Chapter 3: Understanding People at Work: Individual Differences and Perception, Chapter 4: Individual Attitudes and Behaviors, Chapter 6: Designing a Motivating Work Environment, Chapter 12: Leading People Within Organizations, Chapter 14: Organizational Structure and Change, http://www.geert-hofstede.com/hofstede_dimensions.php, http://www.businessweek.com/technology/content/sep2008/tc2008095_508754.htm, http://www.nvtc.gov/lotw/months/november/USschoollanguages.htm, Next: 2.4 The Role of Ethics and National Culture, Creative Commons Attribution-NonCommercial-ShareAlike 4.0 International License. Celebrate it every day.Anonymous. International Journal of Human Resource Management, 12, 738753. Uncertainty avoidance may influence the type of organizations employees are attracted to. It is by no means a comprehensive list and, in every context, the meaning of these words may change and evolve. The concept of diversity encompasses acceptance and respect for the full range of human characteristics in their socioecological, historical, and cultural contexts, as well as understanding that each individual, family, community, and societal group has uniqueness that make them different from others. When Marc actively attempts to de-marginalize himself and the group he belongs to, he is using which strategy? 2. Similarly, Greece is a culture relatively high in uncertainty avoidance, and Greek employees working in hierarchical and rule-oriented companies report lower levels of stress (Joiner, 2001). While individualists may evaluate the performance of their colleagues more accurately, collectivists are more likely to be generous when evaluating their in-group members. Most online reference entries and articles do not have page numbers. The business case for diversity has been thoroughly laid out for years. Ability C. Intelligence D. Sexual orientation B. (see also: African Americans; Anthropology in Public Health; Asian Americans; Assimilation; Cultural Anthropology; Ethnicity and Health; Folk Medicine; Hispanic Cultures; Race and Ethnicity; Theories of Health and Illness; Traditional Health Beliefs, Practices; Women's Health ). The only western country to break into the top 20 most diverse is Canada. Culture (/ k l t r /) is an umbrella term which encompasses the social behavior, institutions, and norms found in human societies, as well as the knowledge, beliefs, arts, laws, customs, capabilities, and habits of the individuals in these groups. Request Information > Among Latino immigrants in the United States, anthropologists have linked the illness to the sense of social and political disempowerment that these people experience. Awareness of culture, biases, stereotypes, and prejudices c. An understanding and acceptance of benefits of strategic management d. The characteristics corresponding to these forms of diversity are protected by law in many countries: these protected characteristics are attributes that companies shouldnt take into account when making employment decisions (especially adverse decisions, like terminating employees or rejecting job candidates). Frauenheim, E. (2005). For example, in societies such as Iran, Greece, and Turkey, extended family members may see each other several times a week. How does culture influence the proper leadership style and reward system that would be suitable for organizations? While ensuring the free circulation of ideas and works, cultural policies must create conditions conducive to the production and dissemination of diversified cultural goods and services through cultural industries that have the means to assert themselves at the local and global level. Types of Cultural Diversity in the Classroom. 2019Encyclopedia.com | All rights reserved. Ruth Fulton Benedict (18871948), originator of the configurational approach to culture, was a mature woman when she en, Cultural Relativism Which of the following would NOT be a possible topic for a ceremonial speech? In many collectivistic societies, the language reflects the level of interaction among extended family members such that there may be different words used to refer to maternal versus paternal grandparents, aunts, or uncles. 5. For example, students can consider different viewpoints and reevaluate long-held beliefs. differences so that we can work together to eradicate all forms of discrimination. Cultural diversity is important because our country, workplaces, and schools increasingly consist of various cultural, racial, and ethnic groups. B. EndUserAgreement Simply put, some cultures are more egalitarian than others. What is your ethnic identity? Making further headway in understanding and clarifying the content of cultural rights as an integral part of human rights. The "melting-pot" concept of nationality reduces this diversity with successive generations, but considerable variation remainsdistinguishing rural from urban, African American from European, East Asian from South Asian, religious believers from secularists. In contrast, cultures such as Iran and Russia are lower in uncertainty avoidance, and companies in these regions do not have rule-oriented cultures. All of the following are some of the co-cultures belonging to the same general culture, EXCEPT. It's also what we call encompassing. Article 7 Cultural heritage as the wellspring of creativity. Enculturation is the process through which we learn our culture's values and system of meaning. This situation led them to change their pay system by standardizing pay at job levels and then giving raises after more frequent appraisals (Fruenheim, 2005; Hui & Triandis, 1986; Javidan & Dastmalchian, 2003; Gomez, Shapiro, & Kirkman, 2000). Cultural diversity This type of diversity is related to each person's ethnicity and it's usually the set of norms we get from the society we were raised in or our family's values. Masculine cultures are also characterized by a separation of gender roles. The flourishing of creative diversity requires the full implementation of cultural rights as defined in Article 27 of the Universal Declaration of Human Rights and in Articles 13 and 15 of the International Covenant on Economic, Social and Cultural Rights. New York: Oxford University Press. | Countering the digital divide, in close cooperation in relevant United Nations system organizations, by fostering access by the developing countries to the new technologies, by helping them to master information technologies and by facilitating the digital dissemination of endogenous cultural products and access by thosecountries to the educational, cultural and scientific digital resources available worldwide. D. Openness to experience For example: A forest community with 20 20 Individualism-collectivism, power distance, uncertainty avoidance, and masculinityfemininity are four key dimensions in which cultures vary. For the British market, the advertisers localized the humor (Fowler, Steinberg, & Patrick, 2007). Paul, B. D., ed. In the face of present-day economic and technological change, opening up vast prospects for creation and innovation, particular attention must be paid to the diversity of the supply of creative work, to due recognition of the rights of authors and artists and to the specificity of cultural goods and services which, as vectors of identity, values and meaning, must not be treated as mere commodities or consumer goods. In this chapter, we highlighted research findings showing how culture affects employee expectations of work life such as worklife balance, job security, or the level of empowerment. It is a function of both the number of different species in the community (species richness) and their relative abundances (species evenness). How did the cultural differences influence your interaction? Anthropology in Public Health. 8. Based on demographic data, there is a good chance you will find yourself speaking before what kinds of audiences? Jews who practice circumcision have lower incidence and death rates than gentiles from cancer of the male genital tract, perhaps related to sexual hygiene and reduced risk of infection with carcinogenic viruses. What language do you speak? Workplace diversity refers to the variety of differences between people in an organization. Some girls and women strive to achieve a very low body weight, a modern, culturally shaped notion of beauty that has supplanted the former "ideal"the plump female form depicted in the paintings of Rubens and Renoir. So, for example, we recognize familiar symbols, like a popular fast food restaurant and the meanings behind it simply by looking at the symbol. In the United States, and in other nations with large immigrant populations, there is a wide range of cultural diversity, religious beliefs, customs, and values, reflecting the scattered origins of the people. Reaffirmingthat culture should be regarded as the set of distinctive spiritual, material, intellectual and emotional features of society or a social group, and that it encompasses, in addition to art and literature, lifestyles, ways of living together, value systems, traditions and beliefs. Source: Adapted from information in Geert Hofstede cultural dimensions. It can also be widely shared beliefs about things like marriage, family, or gender roles. A)they represent a poor means of influencing an organization's culture. "Cultural Factors https://www.encyclopedia.com/education/encyclopedias-almanacs-transcripts-and-maps/cultural-factors, "Cultural Factors While individualists often refer to their nuclear family when thinking about their families, collectivists are more likely to define family in a broader sense, including cousins, uncles, aunts, and second cousins. Encouraging "digital literacy"and ensuring greater mastery of the new information and communication technologies, which should be seen both as educational disciplines and as pedagogical tools capable of enhancing the effectiveness of educational services. From African Americans to Russian Americans, the United States is one of the most diverse nations in terms of culture. Create your account. Values related to these perceptions also shape the relative priority accorded to intellectual versus athletic pursuits, motivating some working-class parents to encourage their children to study and remain in school in hopes of a better life for the children than the parents have had. Pornpitakpan, C. (2000). Therefore, there will be a greater level of creating procedures to deal with problems and writing out expected behaviors in manuals. Proclaimsthe following principles and adopts the present Declaration: Article 1 Cultural diversity: the common heritage of humanity. Policies for the inclusion and participation of all citizens are guarantees of social cohesion, the vitality of civil society and peace. It is for each State, with due regard to its international obligations, to define its cultural policy and to implement it through the means it considers fit, whether by operational support or appropriate regulations. Article 4 Human rights as guarantees of cultural diversity. Uncertainty avoidance refers to the degree to which people feel threatened by ambiguous, risky, or unstructured situations. Biological magnification is the accumulation and increase in concentration of a toxic chemical, at successive trophic levels. When doing cross-cultural business, locals are a key source of information. For example, GlobeSmart by Aperian Global is an online tool that helps employees learn how to deal with people from around the world. Encyclopedia.com. to convince the audience of the importance of the person. Culture takes diverse forms across time and space. When political totalitarianism and religious zealotry flourish, women usually suffer oppression disproportionately compared to men, and this can adversely affect their health and longevity. 866-522-7747 Describe some ways in which national culture affects organizational behavior. Some common characteristics that signify diversity in the workplace might include gender identity, . The tool provides specific advice about interpersonal interactions with these cultures (Hamm, 2008). ." . Sweden and the Netherlands are examples of feminine cultures. This chapter addresses theories of difference, diversity, and intersectionality, and what they bring to understandings of diversity management. Anthropoligists and epidemiologists have identified many associations between culture, customs, and risks to health. Instead, these cultures seem to prefer paternalistic leadersleaders who are authoritarian but make decisions while showing a high level of concern toward employees as if they were family members (Javidan & Dastmalchian, 2003; Ryan et al., 1999). Those who, for religious reasons, abstain from tea, coffee, alcohol, and tobacco have smaller risks of getting cancer of the gastrointestinal or respiratory tract than others of similar social, economic, and residential background. Gomez, C., Shapiro, D. L., & Kirkman, B. L. (2000). In this lesson, we'll talk about how culture is encompassing, meaning that it shapes our personalities, values, and way of living. Hahn, R. A., ed. It implies a commitment to human rights and fundamental freedoms, in particular the rights of persons belonging to minorities and those of indigenous peoples. More than a century of ethnographic research profoundly supports the theory of cultural relativity, the theory that, Culture areas are geographical territories in which characteristic culture patterns are recognizable through repeated associations of specific traits, Herskovits, Melville Jean Power distance refers to the degree to which the society views an unequal distribution of power as acceptable. If every team member has the same backgrounds, attributes or perspectives, their team might not be as creative and successful as it could. Incorporating, where appropriate, traditional pedagogies into the education process with a view to preserving and making full use of culturally appropriate methods of communication and transmission of knowledge. When interacting with others who may not be proficient in English, recognize that their limitations in English proficiency in no way reflects their level of intellectual functioning. How would you describe your own home countrys values on the four dimensions of culture? The defence of cultural diversity is an ethical imperative, inseparable from respect for human dignity. An individual who serves as speechmaker on a special occasion might serve any of the following functions EXCEPT, frequently reinforce the value of education. Hofstede, G. (1980). Seventh-day Adventists, who are strict vegetarians and are very health conscious have low death rates from coronary heart disease when compared to neighbors of similar socioeconomic backgrounds. Of course, talking about national cultures does not mean that national cultures are uniform. To say that culture is encompassing means that it also includes everyone in society since it is a shared system of meaning and a learned process. Andrea is A. | 15 Organizational Dynamics, 30, 1229. Respecting and protecting traditional knowledge, in particular that of indigenous peoples; recognizing the contribution of traditional knowledge, particularly with regard to environmental protection and the managementof natural resources, and fostering synergies between modern science and local knowledge. Refer to each styles convention regarding the best way to format page numbers and retrieval dates. Question 6 (4 points) Social context is impacted by all of the following factors EXCEPT: Individual thoughts Ethnic diversity Historical influences Language diversity Globalization This problem has been solved! The femininity of a culture affects many work practices, such as the level of work/life balance. Quotes on Nonviolence by Dr. Martin Luther King Jr. ExcelTrack Master of Business Administration, Associate of Applied Science (For Military Students), View All Criminal Justice Degree Programs, Associate of Applied of Science (For Military Students), Associate of Science (For Military Students), View All Information Technology Degree Programs, ExcelTrack Bachelor of Science (RN-to-BSN), View All Professional Studies Degree Programs, Try our military transfer credit estimator >, Promoting Cultural Diversity and Cultural Competency, 16% Hispanic or Latino origin (may be of any race). In another study, blood pressure values among African Americans from the southern United States who migrated to an urban environment were compared with that of urbanborn African Americans. Cultures vary across the globe but. Define the four dimensions of culture that are part of Hofstedes framework. Ignoring cultural differences, norms, and local habits may be costly for businesses and may lead to unmotivated and dissatisfied employees. Encyclopedia of Public Health. a) The ability to be open to learning about and accepting of different cultural groups b) A belief that racial differences produce inherent superiority of a particular race c) A generalization of characteristics that is applied to all members of a cultural group d) Biological concept that defines groups of human beings based on a set of Hire faster with 1,000+ templates like job descriptions, interview questions and more. I feel like its a lifeline. Employment contracts tend to be more popular in cultures higher in uncertainty avoidance compared to cultures low in uncertainty avoidance (Raghuram, London, & Larsen, 2001). Organization Science, 15, 657670. Diversity is proven to make communities and workplaces more productive, tolerant and welcoming. Retrieved February 22, 2023 from Encyclopedia.com: https://www.encyclopedia.com/education/encyclopedias-almanacs-transcripts-and-maps/cultural-factors. In the following sentences, underline the main verb once and the helping verb or verbs twice. Diversity encompasses the qualities and characteristics that distinguish individuals from one another. Many learners experience different cultures, religions, and philosophies for the first time in college. It deprives women of sexual fulfillment and makes childbirth a hazardous process for both mother and infant. Basically, anything that is human made or created is encompassed by culture. . In addition to interacting with each other more often, family members have a strong sense of obligation toward each other. People who differ in some ethnic or sociological way from the parent culture belong to a(n) ______. Diversity encompasses the range of similarities and differences each individual brings to the workplace, including but not limited to national origin, language, race, color, disability, ethnicity, gender, age, religion, sexual orientation, gender identity, socioeconomic status, veteran status, and family structures. If you consider only your interests and don't take the needs of your audience into account, audience members are more likely to. Powerful people are supposed to act powerful, while those in inferior positions are expected to show respect. When marketing people from the United States interact with engineers in India, misunderstandings may be caused by the differences in perceptions between marketing and engineering employees. In Thailand, where culturally condoned intravenous drug use is widespread among the large population of sex workers, HIV/AIDS and other blood-borne viral diseases became epidemic in the 1990s, creating a national public health emergency. They are likely part of. The Member States recommend that the Director-General take the objectives set forth in this Action Plan into account in the implementation of UNESCO's programmes and communicate it to institutions of the United Nations system and to other intergovernmental and non-governmental organizations concerned with a view to enhancing the synergy of actions in favour of cultural diversity. to deliver a speech appropriate to that specific situation. Question: Cross Cultural Management Explain "all" of the following topics: -What diversity encompasses in the United States -The historical background for the study of diversity - Key diversity terms, including types of discrimination - Minority groups and non-dominant groups - Stereotyping, prejudice, and discrimination theories. For example, Chinas Lenovo acquired IBMs personal computer business and became the worlds third largest computer manufacturer. Promoting linguistic diversity in cyberspace and encouraging universal access through the global network to all information in the public domain. Dr. Lisa D. Belfieldis an adjunct professor in the Purdue GlobalHuman ServicesDepartment. In the United States, the workforce is becoming increasingly multicultural, with close to 16% of all employees being born outside the country. Such an experience may be invaluable for your career and challenge you to increase your understanding and appreciation of differences across cultures. Savvy companies build bonds with Hispanic employees. There is wide agreement that opening strong is, If you succeed in convincing the audience that what you have to share merits their attention, all of the following will happen EXCEPT, A well-delivered speech accomplishes all of the following EXCEPT, When choosing a delivery style, you should take into account all of the following EXCEPT, Unit 2 Property and Casualty Insurance Concep, The Language of Composition: Reading, Writing, Rhetoric, Lawrence Scanlon, Renee H. Shea, Robin Dissin Aufses. Keep in mind: Diversity trainings are typically one-time events. When they create rules, they also selectively enforce rules and make a number of exceptions to them. This blend defines multiculturalism. Understanding the importance of family in collectivistic cultures is critical to understanding their work behaviors. CULTURAL DIVERSITY AND INTERNATIONAL SOLIDARITY, Article 10 Strengthening capacities for creation and dissemination worldwide. Culture is our way of being, more specifically, it refers to the shared language, beliefs, values, norms, behaviors, and material objects that are passed down from one generation to the next.1. In collectivistic countries such as Thailand, Japan, and India, choosing a career or finding a spouse are all family affairs. A) correct past discriminatory practices B) make sure that members of the executive suite are culturally diverse C) develop cultural sensitivity among a wide variety of workers D) ensure that c. Aspiringto greater solidarity on the basis of recognition of cultural diversity, of awareness of the unity of humankind, and of the development of intercultural exchanges. It actually encompasses, or includes, all individuals in our society. For example, Thailand is a high power distance culture and, starting from childhood, people learn to recognize who is superior, equal, or inferior to them. Indissociable from a democratic framework, cultural pluralism is conducive to cultural exchange and to the flourishing of creative capacities that sustain public life. The American ads were found to be too aggressive for the Japanese culture, where direct product comparisons are rare and tend to make people uncomfortable. Organizational Dynamics, 33, 98109. It requires social workers to personally examine and study their very own cultural backgrounds, individualities, and identities. Select one: a. (b) serve as a reference point and a forum where States, international governmental and nongovernmental organizations, civil society and the private sector may join together in elaborating concepts, objectives and policies in favour of cultural diversity; Companies operating in high uncertainty avoidance cultures also tend to avoid risky endeavors such as entering foreign target markets unless the target market is very large (Rothaermel, Kotha, & Steensma, 2006). Much can be learned about the linkages between culture and health by studying migrant populations, whose culture of origin is often very different from the culture into which they migrate. Earley, P. C., & Mosakowski, E. (2004). For example, peers are much less likely to be involved in hiring decisions in high power distance cultures. Though often called "lifestyle factors," in such cases these differences are culturally determined because the related behaviors are associated with religious beliefs and practices. Such values may sometimes be over-ridden by short-term priorities such as job security or financial gain. Female genital mutilation was banned in the United States in 1995, and is also outlawed in Britain, France, Canada, Sweden, Switzerland, and some African countries. Learn more about how Pressbooks supports open publishing practices. Well-educated white-collar workers may be more aware of the benefits of exercise than those lacking educationthey are more likely to play than watch sports, and are more likely to have better-paying jobs that enable them to afford sporting equipment.

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