emotion regulation questionnaire scoring and interpretation

*Correspondence: Lauren S. Hallion, hallion@pitt.edu, Creative Commons Attribution License (CC BY). The Emotion Regulation Questionnaire (ERQ) is a 10-item self-report measure of 2 emotion regulation strategies, cognitive reappraisal and expressive suppression. Clin. <>]/P 975 0 R/Pg 1361 0 R/S/Link>> 32, 8391. <> Gen. Psychol. 0000229085 00000 n doi: 10.1080/00223891.2010.496477, Rusch, S., Westermann, S., and Lincoln, T. M. (2012). 38, 443455. Behav. A related strength is the inclusion of a prospective study arm. Both models included a clinical severity latent variable (observed variables were CGI and the three DASS subscales) which was predicted by the DERS bifactor model (excluding Awareness). Power analysis and determination of sample size for covariance structure modeling. Significant unique paths were observed for the Strategies (0.14, p = 0.012), Goals (0.11, p = 0.022), and Clarity (0.21, p < 0.001) specific factors. This sample provides an ecologically valid context for assessing the psychometric properties of the DERS, which is based on a clinically derived model of emotion regulation and often used in similar clinical contexts. doi: 10.1002/jclp.22036, Lewis, A. R., Zinbarg, R. E., and Durbin, C. E. (2010). No differences were observed for the total score or the other subscales. endobj 0000404915 00000 n 0000013924 00000 n Validation of a brief version of the difficulties in emotion regulation scale (DERS-18) in five samples. A waiver of informed consent was obtained for the study. Discharge CGI was determined by the patients primary clinician and was confirmed by the licensed supervisor in the case of trainee clinicians. Clin. All three short forms showed a robust bifactor structure and good internal consistency and convergent validity vis--vis the original measure, albeit with a slight decrement in incremental utility (13% less variance explained in clinical severity). In a study of N = 60 participants with pure or comorbid obsessive-compulsive disorder (OCD) and hoarding disorder (de la Cruz et al., 2013), small to moderate zero-order associations were found between the Goals, Impulse, and Strategies subscales and several self-report and clinician-rated symptom severity measures; however, incremental utility was not examined. Additional research is needed to establish convergent and discriminant validity in this population. 0000229347 00000 n J. Abnorm. <>/ProcSet[/PDF/Text]>>/Rotate 0/StructParents 26/Tabs/S/Type/Page>> The bifactor structure provided an acceptable fit for all three short forms (DERS-16: 2(79) = 191.93, p < 0.001, RMSEA = 0.06, CFI = 0.99; DERS-18: 2(66) = 98.78, p = 0.006, RMSEA = 0.03, CFI = 1.00; DERS-SF: 2(66) = 89.15, p = 0.030, RMSEA = 0.03, CFI = 1.00). J. Psychopathol. endobj Mplus Users Guide, 6th Edn. ORIGINAL RESEARCH published: 18 July 2016 doi: 10.3389/fpsyg.2016.01068 The Association among Difficulties in Emotion Regulation, Hostility, and Empathy in a Sample of Young Italian Adults Anna Contardi *, Claudio Imperatori, Ilaria Penzo, Claudia Del Gatto and Benedetto Farina Department of Human Science, European University of Rome, Rome, Italy The aim of the present study was to assess the . doi: 10.1016/j.psychres.2014.12.001, Victor, S. E., and Klonsky, E. D. (2016). The original validation paper has been cited nearly 3,000 times to date, has been translated into several languages, and has spurred the development of several short forms (e.g., DERS-16, Bjureberg et al., 2016; DERS-SF, Kaufman et al., 2016; and DERS-18, Victor and Klonsky, 2016). The consistency of these findings, both in the present study and in the extant literature, leads us to conclude that the DERS as a whole is psychometrically stronger when the Awareness subscale is excluded. Psychometric properties of the 42-item and 21-item versions of the depression anxiety stress scales in clinical groups and a community sample. The use of a short form in lieu of the full DERS may be sufficient for many general clinical and research purposes, particularly when participant burden is a concern. 2 0 obj Contribution of the DERS common and specific factors to predicting clinical severity at discharge. doi: 10.1037/0022-006X.64.6.1152, Henry, J. D., and Crawford, J. R. (2005). endstream endobj 2383 0 obj <>/Size 2325/Type/XRef>>stream 21, 616621. 1 0 obj 0000008048 00000 n A bifactor model following the general and specific factor structure observed for the DERS-36 (i.e., one general factor and five specific factors corresponding to each subscale excluding Awareness) provided a good fit for each short form, suggesting good concordance in factor structure. doi: 10.1037/1082-989X.1.2.130, McDermott, M. J., Tull, M. T., Gratz, K. L., Daughters, S. B., and Lejuez, C. W. (2009). Findings with respect to specific subscale scores are less consistent than those for the total score. <> J. Psychopathol. Consult. RAND is nonprofit, nonpartisan, and committed to the public interest. J. Psychopathol. <> Age showed small but significant negative associations with the DERS total score (r = -0.16, p = 0.002) and all subscales (r -0.12, p 0.018) except Awareness (r = -0.004, p = 0.240). To test predictive utility, we expanded the SEM to include discharge CGI, which allowed us to test the unique contributions of each DERS factor to clinical outcome beyond variance explained by baseline clinical severity. As such, the extent to which any measure derived from a clinical-contextual framework could be considered a measure of emotion regulation as it is defined by affective scientists is a matter of debate. Cultural adaptation of the difficulties in emotion regulation scale: reliability and validity of an Italian version. 8, 155172. The first model allowed only the general factor from the bifactor model to predict clinical severity; paths were not included for the subscale scores. 2022-10-25T00:02:50-07:00 0000111241 00000 n 0000002530 00000 n These findings were bolstered by our SEM findings, which demonstrated specific contributions of three of the five subscales to explaining variance in clinical severity beyond variance accounted for by the general factor. Although the DERS is often used in treatment and research settings for adults with emotional (i.e., anxiety, mood, obsessive-compulsive, or trauma-related) disorders . Psychol. To our knowledge, this study is the first to examine the general and specific concurrent and predictive validity of the DERS and its subscales using an SEM framework. For each short form, its subscale scores were entered on the first step and the DERS-36 subscales were entered on the second step. 30, 469480. Abstract. <> That is, the DERS-16 and DERS-18 were not inferior to the DERS-36 in their ability to account for variance in anxiety and stress, and the DERS-SF was not inferior to the DERS-36 in its ability to account for variance in CGI. This research should also clarify which facets of the Goals construct (i.e., cognitive control versus self-regulation of behavior) are most strongly predictive of treatment outcome. The editor and reviewer's affiliations are the latest provided on their Loop research profiles and may not reflect their situation at the time of review. 2325 0 obj <> endobj 68, 9891007. Candidate, Pardee RAND Graduate School, Assistant Policy Researcher, RAND; Ph.D. Student, Pardee RAND Graduate School. }~T$ 1XW'gA|/anCJ|2P\3[sODPUOA%jb5j7 aTL p Ther. Guy, W. 2022-10-25T00:02:50-07:00 Our plan is to continue to update this . FIGURE 2. . 439 0 obj Participants were N = 427 adults (59% women; M age = 36.00, SD = 14.39; 85% White; 3% Black; 3% multiracial; 8% Latino/a) who presented for treatment at an outpatient clinic between September 2014 and January 2017 and diagnosed with one or more DSM-5 (American Psychiatric Association, 2013) anxiety-related, depressive, bipolar, obsessive-compulsive and related, or trauma- and stressor-related disorders. 64, 11521168. 34, 544553. 0000070681 00000 n Res. All items are answered on a 7-point Likert scale . | Find, read and cite all the research you . Assistant Policy Researcher, RAND; Ph.D. Specificity of emotion regulation deficits in social anxiety: an internet study. 0000003268 00000 n [1360 0 R] J. Psychopathol. Clin. This questionnaire assesses how well you regulate emotions . Comorbidity was common, with 62% having more than one emotional disorder and 34% having diagnoses in more than one class of emotional disorders (e.g., at least one anxiety disorder and at least one depressive disorder). One possible explanation is that participants who began the study with poorer overall emotion regulation skills were able to benefit more from the specific strategies taught in CBT, many of which aim to remediate these deficits. LH performed the statistical analyses and wrote the first draft of the manuscript. Factor analysis supports a three-factor (depression; anxiety; and stress) structure, and the three subscales show good internal consistency, convergent validity, and discriminant validity (Lovibond and Lovibond, 1995; Brown et al., 1997; Antony et al., 1998). Muthn, L. K., and Muthn, B. O. Perspect. The RAND Corporation is a research organization that develops solutions to public policy challenges to help make communities throughout the world safer and more secure, healthier and more prosperous. 0000003079 00000 n normative data to assist with the interpretation of PERCI scores. Psychol. 98, 298309. The table below shows the averages of 1483 undergraduate students around 20 years of age. % 3 0 obj Notably, studies that have attempted to fit a higher-order factor in addition to the six lower-order factors have generally found relatively poor fit, although fit is again improved when the Awareness items are excluded (Bardeen et al., 2012; Fowler et al., 2014). Finally, we briefly examined the psychometric properties of three recently published short forms of the DERS (e.g., DERS-16, Bjureberg et al., 2016; DERS-SF, Kaufman et al., 2016; and DERS-18, Victor and Klonsky, 2016) to evaluate the extent to which these measures performed comparably to the original measure. doi: 10.1037/0021-843X.115.4.850, Gratz, K. L., and Tull, M. T. (2010). Concordance of the short form subscales with the corresponding DERS-36 subscales was also high; all were greater than r = 0.86 and most were greater than r = 0.90. These findings were conceptually replicated in a study that attempted to address possible psychometric problems related to reverse-scored items by rewording the items prior to administration (Bardeen et al., 2016). <>]/P 71 0 R/Pg 1352 0 R/S/Link>> Contrary to other coping questionnaires that do not explicitly differentiate . TABLE 4. 0000279616 00000 n Journal of Personality Assessment. 0000005160 00000 n Los Angeles, CA: Muthn & Muthn. 26, 126. Results: For the original DERS, internal consistency was strong for all subscales except Awareness. 9:539. doi: 10.3389/fpsyg.2018.00539. (2015). endobj The difficulties in emotion regulation scale short form (DERS-SF): validation and replication in adolescent and adult samples. 0000187312 00000 n xref All factor analyses and structural models were tested using MPlus 7.0 with an estimator appropriate for categorical response scales (WLSMV). The DERS-36 accounted for a small but significant additional portion of the variance (23%) in depression for all three short forms. Modeling 6, 155. 1362 0 obj Future research should include alternative measures of emotion regulation (including behavioral or physiological measures) and related constructs (cognitive control; alexithymia) to further evaluate validity of the DERS as a measure of emotion regulation per se and to clarify the mechanisms by which the various facets of emotion dysregulation assessed by the DERS relate to clinical severity, functional impairment, and distress. doi: 10.1016/j.paid.2010.08.010, Van Rheenen, T. E., Murray, G., and Rossell, S. L. (2015). Psychol. To disentangle difficult questions about validity, future research on the DERS should include other validated self-report measures of emotion regulation as well as measures of constructs that are represented within the DERS but which are not defined as emotion regulation per se within the broader emotion regulation literature (e.g., Gross, 1998; Sheppes et al., 2015), such as alexithymia (Clarity), self-control (Impulse), and cognitive control or self-control (Goals). Assess. jD'UhBu}d)los#Eq?@/}J[*"@Y\R`I IxM;oW*j5MT8PXV^mg)LA23\kEMX[`w4`_yi*Kc(+DFunl5, David A. Preece, Rodrigo Becerra, Ken Robinson, and James J. 5 0 obj Psychiatry Res. Neumann, A., van Lier, P. A., Gratz, K. L., and Koot, H. M. (2010).

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